Aiming at the problems of excessive soil disturbance caused by deep plowing and stripped straw backfilling in strip tillage machinery, which are induced by the large amount of residual straw before maize sowing in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region, an integrated tillage machine suitable for pre-sowing strip tillage of summer maize—integrating subsoiling, stubble-crushing, and soil-guiding functions—was designed. First, the physical properties of straw were analyzed to determine the tooth profile parameters of the stubble-crushing wheel. The unique convex structure of the tooth disc enables it to simultaneously perform depth-limiting and soil-pressing functions. By calculating the flow characteristics of soil during tillage, the angle and distance between the subsoiling shovel and the stubble-crushing wheel were designed. This not only enhances soil crushing and flow but also reduces the occurrence of blockages. A discrete element simulation test with quadratic orthogonal rotation combination was conducted. The machine’s forward speed, wheel position distance, and wheel deflection angle were selected as test factors to analyze their effects on the soil loss rate of the seedbed strip and straw backflow effect under different combinations. The optimal combination of parameters was determined as follows: forward speed of 7.383 km/h, front–rear position distance parameter of −10.131 cm, and deflection angle of 8.608°, with the soil loss rate of the seedling belt reaching 5.486% under this condition. Field experiments were conducted in combination with the strip tiller to verify the simulation-optimized parameters, and comparative experiments at different speeds were also carried out. The field experimental results showed that the deviation of the actual soil disturbance rate caused by the machine from the simulated value was −1.166%, and the soil disturbance rate within the seedling belt was even lower. The results indicated that after the operation of the improved machine, there were no obvious ruts on the soil surface, and the straw was evenly distributed at the edge of the seedling belt, which meets the agronomic requirements for maize planting.

Aiming at the problems of inter-row straw congestion, soil accumulation, and consequent uneven seeding depth during high-speed sowing with narrow row spacing under the summer maize no-tillage sowing mode in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, this study proposed a maize seedling belt pre-sowing treatment device suitable for narrow row spacing operation by analyzing the physical properties of straw and soil in the region. Dynamic analysis of the mechanical device was carried out, and the key factors affecting the straw removal effect of the seedling belt and the degree of soil disturbance were identified as machine offset distance, traction speed, and straw-cleaning wheel angle. Discrete element method simulation experiments were conducted via EDEM-ADAMS coupling; the key factors were simulated and optimized, and the optimal parameter combination of the device was determined as follows: machine offset distance of 165 cm (the relative distance between the front and rear positions of the right wheel of adjacent unit cleaning components), traction speed of 11 km/h, and straw-cleaning wheel angle of 44°. Field validation tests of the prototype were performed. The test results showed that the overall straw removal rate of the seedling belt reached 95%, and no large-scale straw and soil accumulation caused by pushing was observed between rows. Compared with the simulation results, the error of straw removal rate was only 0.5%. Sowing comparison tests were conducted, and the results indicated that the device could significantly improve the uniformity of seeding depth and meet the seedling belt quality requirements for high-speed sowing with narrow row spacing of summer maize. This study provides new ideas and methods for the design of straw-cleaning mechanisms in no-till seeding systems.