The diarrhea in calves, caused by Salmonella spp., provocates serious economic damage to cattle farming. This study aimed was to verify the occurrence of diarrhea and the isolation of strains of Salmonella spp. in diarrheal feces of calves from farms located in the Sertão from the state of Alagoas municipalities, and to characterize the in vitro resistance profile of Salmonella spp. isolated against conventional antimicrobials. The study was carried out with 431 calves from 10 to 90 days old. Of the total number of animals evaluated, 111 presented a diarrhea table, being analysed 111 samples of diarrhoeal faeces. The samples were sown in enrichment broths and selective culture media and the phenotypic and molecular characterization were performed. Among the animals evaluated, 25.75% (111/431) had diarrhea. The presence of Salmonella spp. was evidenced in 13.33% (2/15) of the studied establishments. Have been isolated 2.71% (3/111) strains of Salmonella spp. and have all been shown to be resistant to Cefotaxime and sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin and Norfloxacin. Salmonella spp. and other infectious agents associated with diarrhea were confirmed in calves in the Sertão Alagoas mesoregion. The antimicrobial potential of the tested drugs reinforces the importance of their responsible and judicious use in the treatment of Salmonellosis, not being indicated the antibiotic therapy with Cefotaxima. The treatment based on Gentamicin, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin in the treatment of these animals, is recommended.

Pythiosis is an underestimated and neglected disease in Brazil, both in horse breeders and in horses. The molecular detection of P. insidiosum in horses in the Brazilian Northeast represents a milestone in the epidemiology of equine pythiosis in the country. This study reports novel cases of equine pythiosis, diagnosed by molecular methods, in five states of Northeastern Brazil. Clinical samples were submitted to microbiological culture, DNA extraction, and nested-PCR for molecular detection of P. insidiosum. The nested-PCR successfully detected P. insidiosum in four out of five equine lesion samples, demonstrating higher sensitivity compared to microbiological culture, which confirmed the pathogen in only one case. These findings reinforce the effectiveness of molecular diagnosis for equine pythiosis compared to conventional methods. This is the first molecular confirmation of P. insidiosum in horses from Northeastern Brazil, emphasizing the need for broader surveillance and improved diagnostic approaches in neglected regions.

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a inibição in vitro de Salmonella spp. a diferentes tipos de extratos de plantas com indicações medicinais em diferentes diluições de etanol. Para isso, foram obtidas 12 partes de plantas, entre folhas e caules, que fazem parte da terapêutica popular de toxinfecções gastrintestinais da mesorregião de Alagoas, Brasil, e que estão presentes na Mata Atlântica. Essas plantas foram submetidas à procedimentos de secagem, trituração, maceração e prensagem, permitindo diferentes concentrações de extrato. As amostras de Salmonella spp. testadas são oriundas de bezerros de propriedades rurais da região que apresentavam quadros de diarreia e que foram devidamente detectadas por testes bioquímicos e moleculares. Para verificar a sensibilidade, foi realizado o teste de Disco Difusão em Placas com três estirpes de Salmonella spp., sendo substituídos os discos com antibióticos por discos de extratos etanólicos nas concentrações de 10, 100, 500 e 1000mg/L. Como resultado, a folha de Varronia multispicata, popularmente conhecida como Cavarucaá, apresentou resultado positivo na inibição dos três isolados de Salmonella spp. nas concentrações de 500 e 1000mg/L. Os demais extratos não revelaram resultados de sensibilidade in vitro com a bactéria, em nenhuma das concentrações. Mais estudos com Varronia multispicata precisam ser desenvolvidos, com diferentes métodos de obtenção dos fitoconstituintes e com outras estirpes de Salmonella spp. da região.

Salmonellosis is a disease that worries poultry farmers and can seriously impact the food safety of the population that consumes products of animal origin. The present study sought to detect the presence of Salmonella spp. in eggs intended for consumption from family poultry farms in municipalities of Alagoas State. The study was carried out from eight farms, where the sample from each farm was obtained by making pools of shell and internal contents of six randomly selected eggs. The pools were submitted to microbiological culture and the colonies were characterized and evaluated by means of laboratory tests. To this end, 50% (4/8) of the shell samples and 75% (6/8) of the internal contents of the eggs were positive for Salmonella spp. In addition, Klebsiella pneumoniae 12.5% (1/8) and Proteus spp. 25% (2/8) were found in the shell samples, and Yersinia spp. 12.5% (1/8) in the internal contents of the eggs. Salmonella spp. and other enterobacteria were confirmed to occur in eggs intended for consumption. The way the birds were raised did not seem to have a significant influence on the results obtained, and the presence of passerines on the farms may have contributed to the existence of bacteria there. Being aware of the risk to public health that some of these bacteria can present, it is necessary to take decisions that support the small producer in search of food safety for all.

Due to the growing population of pigeons (Columba livia) in the Maceió and the lack of information regarding their importance in public health for the city, the aim was to detect the presence of agents with zoonotic potential in 30 animals of this species. The study was carried out with pigeons found in areas close to the main hospitals, squares and beaches. The pigeons were captured and transferred to individual cardboard boxes, where they remained for six hours to spontaneously defecate. Blood was collected using a hypodermic needle and the cloacal cavity were swabbed. The feces were used for bacterial isolation and fungi Isolation of the genera Cryptococcus and Histoplasma. The serum obtained after blood clotting was used in the Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) to identify anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. To investigate the presence of Chlamydophyla psittaci, cloacal secretions were used in diagnostic PCR. The results showed the isolation of six samples of Cryptococcus and two of Histoplasma. Different bacterial genera were detected from the cloacal mucosa samples, with Staphylococcus and Streptococcus being found most frequently, followed by Enterobacteriaceae, Corynebacterium and Bacillus. The Staphylococcus samples were 100% sensitive to all the antibacterials tested, but no antibiotic was effective for all the bacterial genera. C. psittaci DNA and anti-T. gondii antibodies were not detected in the samples. It can be concluded that the pathogens isolated are infectious and pose a serious health risk to people who circulate in these environments.