Background/Objectives: Spinal hydatid disease frequently poses significant surgical challenges and leads to severe neurological complications. Despite the development of various surgical techniques, recurrence remains a common issue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of radical vertebrectomy on recurrence and long-term follow-up outcomes by comparing total en-bloc spondylectomy with conventional laminectomy, decompression, and posterior stabilisation in patients treated at our centre. Methods: This study included 21 patients who underwent surgery for spinal hydatid cysts at our centre between 2001 and 2021. Twelve patients had cystectomy, laminectomy, decompression, and stabilisation, and nine patients had total en-bloc spondylectomy. A single senior surgeon carried out each procedure, selecting the surgical approach based on the presence of vertebral body involvement. All patients received albendazole treatment for six months following surgery. The surgeon who performed the operations followed up all patients clinically and radiologically for at least three years. Results: Seven out of twelve patients (58.3%) who had conventional surgery experienced recurrences, while total en-bloc spondylectomy produced no recurrences (p = 0.004). The recurrent cases had a mean of 2.8 surgical procedures and manifested within 14 months. Although total en-bloc spondylectomy was associated with a longer operative time and greater blood loss, neurological recovery and overall clinical outcomes were comparable between the two groups. The difference in the recurrence rate was statistically significant. Conclusions: Although technically demanding, radical vertebrectomy is shown to provide complete protection against recurrence in appropriately selected patients with spinal hydatid disease in this study. Furthermore, as conservative approaches often require multiple procedures, total en-bloc spondylectomy can be considered an effective treatment for patients with vertebral body involvement.

Background/Objectives: Stellate ganglion block (SGB) is an interventional technique frequently applied to manage pain associated with sympathetic dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term clinical outcomes and tolerability of SGB in patients with different pain phenotypes. Methods: From 1 January 2024 through 1 March 2025, 96 patients who underwent fluoroscopy-guided SGB at a single center were retrospectively analyzed. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was used to assess functional status, the SF-36 was applied to evaluate health-related quality of life, and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was employed to measure pain intensity. This study included baseline measurements and follow-up evaluations at 1, 3, and 6 months after the procedure. Results: Statistically significant improvements were observed in VAS, ODI, and SF-36 scores across all pain groups (p < 0.001). The largest median VAS reductions were observed in the migraine (4.0 [3.5–5.0]) and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) (3.7 [3.0–4.5]) groups, both exceeding the minimal clinically important difference (MCID). Patients with neuropathic and nociceptive pain showed smaller median reductions (3.4 [2.8–4.0] and 3.0 [2.5–3.8], respectively). The highest proportion of responders (≥50% VAS reduction) was noted in the migraine group (64.3%), while the lowest occurred in the nociceptive group (37.5%). Multivariate analysis identified pain phenotype as the only independent predictor of favorable outcomes, particularly in migraine and CRPS. Minor transient complications occurred in 9.4% of patients, all resolving spontaneously. Conclusions: SGB was well tolerated and associated with significant pain reduction and functional improvement. The observed clinical benefits may reflect mechanisms involving both peripheral and central sympathetic modulation. Larger multicenter prospective studies with extended follow-up are warranted to confirm these findings.

Background/Objectives: Cranial gunshot injuries represent severe traumatic brain injuries associated with high mortality rates. This study investigated whether integrating clinical findings at admission, including GCS score and pupillary response, with a CT-derived anatomical burden score and midline shift improves the prediction of in-hospital mortality. Methods: Adult patients aged 18 years and older with penetrating cranial gunshot injuries (n = 143) treated at a tertiary referral centre between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2025 were retrospectively analysed using a single-centre cohort design. All included patients completed in-hospital follow-up, defined as hospital discharge or in-hospital death. Clinical variables, the anatomical burden score, and midline shift were evaluated using a multivariable logistic regression model where the primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Model performance was assessed using ROC analysis, calibration measures, and bootstrap internal validation. Results: The in-hospital mortality rate was 56.6%, with early mortality occurring in 33.6% of patients. In the multivariable analysis, a low admission GCS score (≤8), bilateral non-reactive pupils, an increased anatomical burden score, and midline shift were independently associated with a higher risk of mortality. The model demonstrated good discrimination (AUC = 0.87; 95% CI 0.81–0.93), and similar performance was maintained following internal validation (optimism-corrected AUC = 0.86). The addition of radiological parameters to clinical variables improved model discrimination (ΔAUC = 0.07; 95% CI 0.02–0.11). Conclusions: The combined evaluation of admission clinical findings and CT-based anatomical parameters may support a more structured early estimation of in-hospital mortality risk in adult patients with penetrating cranial gunshot injuries.

Background and Objectives: Prognostic assessments in grade 4 diffuse astrocytic tumors primarily depend on clinical and molecular characteristics, with radiological attributes frequently assessed in isolation. In this study, we explored whether an integrated radiological approach combining tumor burden, anatomical spread, and mass effect could contribute to survival prediction. Materials and Methods: A total of 310 adult patients with histopathologically confirmed grade 4 diffuse astrocytic tumors, diagnosed between January 2022 and January 2025, were included in this retrospective single-center cohort. Preoperative MRI was used to assess contrast-enhancing tumor volume, edema volume, and brain volume, combined with anatomical spread and midline shift as a marker of mass effect. Tumor burden was defined as the ratio of enhancing tumor volume to brain volume (ETV/BV). Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression methods. Model performance was evaluated with the C-index, bootstrap internal validation, and 12-month calibration. Results: Tumor burden was higher in IDH-wildtype tumors, which also showed higher midline shift and more frequent deep structure involvement and contralateral extension. In multivariable analysis, IDH status, age, tumor burden, midline shift, and deep structure involvement were independently associated with overall survival. A greater tumor burden was associated with reduced survival. The addition of molecular and imaging-derived variables improved discrimination, increasing the C-index from 0.69 to 0.76. Following bootstrap validation, the corrected value was 0.73. Calibration at 12 months demonstrated acceptable agreement between predicted and observed outcomes. Conclusions: An integrated radiological approach that combines tumor burden, anatomical spread, and mass effect may support prognostic assessment in addition to established clinical and molecular variables.

Background/Objectives: Shunt-dependent hydrocephalus remains a major complication following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Although several clinical–radiological prediction models have been proposed, the additional contribution of inflammatory biomarkers remains unclear. This study evaluated whether the platelet-to-neutrophil ratio provides additional predictive value beyond established clinical and radiological predictors of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after aSAH. Materials and Methods: This retrospective single-center cohort study included 418 consecutive patients with aSAH treated using endovascular techniques between 2017 and 2025. Clinical severity parameters, ventricular burden-related radiological findings, and admission hematological variables were analyzed. Independent predictors of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Model performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis, calibration assessment, sensitivity analyses, and bootstrap internal validation. Results: Shunt-dependent hydrocephalus developed in 75 patients (18%). Lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores, intraventricular hemorrhage, increased Evans index, greater third ventricle width, lower platelet-to-neutrophil ratio, and external ventricular drain requirement were independently associated with shunt dependency. Incorporation of the platelet-to-neutrophil ratio increased the area under the curve from 0.84 (95% CI: 0.79–0.89) to 0.88 (95% CI: 0.84–0.92; p = 0.018). Internal validation demonstrated preserved model performance and calibration. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated similar findings after exclusion of external ventricular drain placement. Conclusions: Platelet-to-neutrophil ratio is independently associated with shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after aSAH and may be considered an additional component of integrated clinical–radiological risk assessment.