Icosahedral and octahedral structures can be obtained using hydrothermal preparation with only a change in the precursor. Pt ₃ Cu/TiO ₂ icosahedra can be used to prepare bio-aviation fuel under mild conditions with 91.8% selectivity for target alkanes.

With increasing energy demand and depletion of fossil fuels, the search for renewable energy sources has become imperative. Among them, biomass energy has attracted significant attention as it is clean, renewable, and abundant. This review summarizes recent advances in the electroreduction of the biomass-derived platform compound furfural (FF) for producing high-value fuels and chemicals. First, the principles and mechanisms of electrocatalysis are introduced, followed by a detailed analysis of reaction pathways for electrocatalytic hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, and dimerization. Subsequently, the review highlights the research progress on the electrochemical reduction of FF to hydrofuroin (HDF, a precursor for jet fuel), analyzing its reaction mechanisms and summarizing the effects of catalytic materials and reaction conditions on product selectivity and faradaic efficiency. Additionally, it provides an overview of catalyst selection for both hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis processes. Studies indicate that Cu-based catalysts exhibit superior performance in hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis, with the latter being more favorable under low pH. In contrast, metal-doped carbon catalysts demonstrate enhanced activity in dimerization reactions. Reaction conditions also significantly influence product distribution, with lower reduction potentials generally favoring dimerization. Finally, the challenges and future directions in FF electroreduction are discussed, including the need for deeper understanding of competing pathways, improved electrode stability, and scalable reactor design. The integration of electrocatalytic with renewable energy offers a green and sustainable approach for the efficient utilization of biomass-derived compounds, holding substantial research significance and application potential.

Cylinder drying of cut tobacco is one of the key processing technologies in cigarette manufacturing. And complex mass transfer and heat transfer phenomena were involved. In this paper, a thermodynamic model have been built for cut tobacco during cylinder drying process. The relationship of different process parameters and thermodynamic data were analyzed by canonical correlation method, including amount of heat Q_v produced in moisture evaporation of cut tobacco, amount of heat Q_s produced in temperature increase of cut tobacco, total amount of heat Q and thermal efficiency coefficient η. The results showed that the thermodynamic model explained the actual cut tobacco heating and heat distribution well in the cylinder drying process. The variation coefficients of the four thermodynamic parameters of cut tobacco under the same processing conditions were all less than 5.0%. It is proved that the thermodynamic model established during cylinder drying process of cut tobacco is feasible.

Limited by single function, it is difficult for the traditional stirred vessels to meet the requirements of mixing system in biomass wastewater treatment processes. The estimation of biomass wastewater stirring reactor performance by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) during multiphase reactions is important, due to the uncertainty in the numerical results. In this study, a novel double-partition stirred vessel with eccentrically located impellers was developed for the special subject. In addition, many simulations were carried out with the wastewater from biomass ethanol production as the medium to ensure the high reactor performance. The fluid flow was simulated and analyzed using the turbulent RNG k-ε model and multi reference frames. A good agreement is found between the simulation results and the confirmatory experiment. Moreover, the weir crest and interconnected pore were specially designed for the establishment of the circulation of fluid to maintain different technological conditions in the two regions. The distributions of radial velocities and tangential velocities were concentrated near the stirring blade. From the velocity profile, it is deduced that the flow pattern in the stirred vessel is insensitive to Reynolds number. Finally, this simulation study could contribute to the improvement and optimization of the structure, as well as the operation of the novel stirred vessel. Keywords: biomass, wastewater treatment, double-partition vessel, computational fluid dynamics DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231602.7285 Citation: Zhang W, Yang Y J, Qian W M, Ma L L, Chen L G, Liu N, et al. Numerical research on biomass wastewater treatment using double-partition vessel with off-centered impellers. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(2): 232-240.

The quality of tobacco products is directly related to the sensory contributions of related compounds in the mainstream smoke during tobacco combustion. Currently, there is no clear and perfect quantitative calculation method for tobacco quality assessment and prediction. In this paper, samples of Qujing K326 and Dali Hongda were used as raw materials to simulate an actual tobacco smoke release environment. The mainstream smoke products were captured, separated and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The relative percentage of each compound in mainstream tobacco smoke was obtained. Therefore, through relevant quantitative calculation, this study quantified the sensory contributions of compounds through flue gas separation. Finally, the evaluation quality of tobacco samples could be predicted accurately by neural network model. The methods used in this paper can provide important technical support for tobacco quality control.