In recent years, several studies have explored the use of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT-4, Claude, Gemini Advanced, and DeepSeek-R1 in dental education. Nevertheless, no study has yet reported a comparative evaluation of multiple LLMs specifically on the periodontology section of the Turkish Dental Specialty Examination (DUS), nor analyzed how their performance differs between fundamental knowledge questions and clinical decision-making questions. This study aims to fill this gap by comparing the accuracy and coverage performance of four contemporary LLMs on publicly available DUS periodontology questions. A total of 60 publicly available periodontology questions from the DUS (2010–2021) were included. Questions were categorized into Basic Sciences & Pathology and Clinical Applications & Treatment. Each question was administered in its original multiple-choice format (A–E) to ChatGPT-4, Claude, Gemini Advanced, and DeepSeek-R1. Model responses were scored for accuracy (correct/incorrect) and coverage (1–5 rubric). Two independent evaluators assessed coverage, with excellent inter-rater reliability (κ = 0.88). Accuracy rates were compared using Cochran’s Q and McNemar tests, while coverage scores were compared using the Wilcoxon test with Bonferroni correction. ChatGPT-4 achieved the highest overall accuracy (73.3%), followed by DeepSeek-R1 (63.3%), Gemini Advanced (55.0%), and Claude (36.7%). Accuracy was significantly higher for knowledge-based questions (ChatGPT-4: 80.0%) than for clinical questions (ChatGPT-4: 66.7%). Claude showed the lowest performance in both categories (43.3% and 30.0%). Coverage scores were relatively high across models (means 3.8–4.2) with no statistically significant differences. Among the tested LLMs, ChatGPT-4 consistently outperformed others in accuracy, while DeepSeek-R1 and Gemini demonstrated moderate performance and Claude lagged behind. Accuracy was lower in clinical questions, reflecting the contextual complexity of clinical reasoning. Coverage scores did not differ significantly, indicating broadly similar comprehensiveness of responses.

Lip repositioning surgery is a minimally invasive procedure used in the treatment of gummy smile. With the increasing demand for aesthetic dental procedures, platforms like YouTube™ have become popular sources for visual health information. This study aimed to evaluate the quality, reliability, and educational value of YouTube™ videos related to lip repositioning surgery and to identify factors influencing video quality. This research was conducted on YouTube™ using the term “lip repositioning” on February 20, 2025. The first 150 videos sorted by relevance were screened. According to the inclusion criteria, 53 videos were recorded. Data such as video duration, upload source, view count, comments, likes/dislikes, and country of origin were recorded. Viewer engagement was analyzed through interaction index and viewing rate. Content was evaluated using the Video Content Quality (VCQ) score, Global Quality Scale (GQS) and DISCERN tool. Statistical analyses were performed with a significance level of P < 0.05. Most videos were uploaded by dentists (64.2%), and 71.7% were educational. The mean VCQ score was 9.98 ± 3.95, indicating low-to-moderate content quality. Videos uploaded by professionals had higher quality scores (p < 0.001), while 56.6% were of poor content quality. Although YouTube™ is a widely used source for health information, videos on lip repositioning surgery lack sufficient educational value and reliability. Professional content creation should be encouraged.

Background and Objectives: Thickening of the maxillary sinus mucosa is commonly detected in asymptomatic individuals through various radiographic techniques. This study aimed to evaluate the maxillary sinus mucosal thickness (MT), also known as Schneiderian membrane thickness, in patients with periodontal bone loss (PBL) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, CBCT images from 315 patients who presented to the Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, between January 2023 and January 2025 for various indications were evaluated. PBL, the presence or absence of mucosal thickening at the maxillary sinus floor, age, and gender were recorded. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess the relationships between age, gender, PBL, and MT. Results: A significant association was observed between PBL and MT. Sinus mucosal thickening was notably more prominent in individuals with advanced bone loss. Gender had no statistically significant effect on MT. A moderate, positive, and statistically significant correlation was found between age and MT. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that PBL exerts a significant and measurable impact on MT. Compared to conventional diagnostic methods, CBCT provides superior diagnostic accuracy for detecting periodontal bone defects and evaluating the soft tissue morphology at the base of the maxillary sinus.

Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the progressive destruction of tooth-supporting structures

The aim of this case series is to evaluate the clinical outcomes of lingual frenectomy in two young adult female patients with ankyloglossia and to emphasise the impact of surgical intervention on speech ability, tongue mobility and overall oral function. Two women, aged 22 and 19 years, presented with speech difficulties, restricted tongue movement and high lingual frenulum attachment. Clinical examination revealed associated conditions such as midline diastema, infantile swallowing patterns and labial displacement of the mandibular anterior teeth. After informed consent, both patients underwent lingual frenectomy under local anaesthesia using a #15 scalpel and blunt dissection technique. Sutures were placed with a continuous suture technique, and postoperative care included antibiotics, analgesics, and chlorhexidine mouthwash. Patients were followed up for six months. Both patients experienced significant improvements in tongue mobility and articulation after the procedure. No complications such as excessive haemorrhage or nerve damage were observed. At the six-month follow-up, the healing process was uneventful. They were then referred to the orthodontic clinic for further treatment of midline diastema, labial displacement and swallowing dysfunction. Ankyloglossia can cause functional and psychological problems by affecting speech, swallowing and tooth alignment. Early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention, such as lingual frenectomy, can con-tribute to significant improvements in tongue mobility and speech function. Long-term follow-up and interdisciplinary treatment are essential to achieve optimal patient outcomes.

Diş Hekimliğinde Mikrocerrahi Yöntemler ve Kullanım Alanları Kübra ESKİN Mehmet GÜZEL Hacer ŞAHİN AYDINYURT Periodontal Yara İyileşmesi Müzeyyen KANDEMİR Ebru Ece SARIBAŞ Diş Hekimliğinde Yapay Zeka Uygulamaları Mustafa Özay USLU Pınar GÜLTEKİN Periodontal Hastalıklarda Kullanılan Biyobelirteçler Mustafa Özay USLU Ayşe ŞEN Periodontal Hastalıklar ile Sistemik Hastalıklar Arasındaki İlişki Gökhan ÖZGENÇ Sema Nur SEVİNÇ GÜL Cerrahi Olmayan Periodontitis Tedavilerinde Kullanılan Lokal Ajanlar ve Diğer Yardımcı Tedaviler Tuğçe DÖNMEZER Peri-İmplantitisin Cerrahi Olmayan ve Cerrahi Tedavisi Mehmet Ali GÜNENÇ Osman Fatih ARPAĞ Ayşegül SARI Periodontal Hastalıklar ile Romatoid Artrit Arasındaki İlişki Ziynet Gül GÜRSES Osman Fatih ARPAĞ Ayşegül SARI Periodontoloji ve Yapay Zeka Gurbet Alev ÖZTAŞ ŞAHİNER Güler BAŞYİĞİT