Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, widely prevalent across many countries, and poses a serious threat to human health. With changes in its epidemiology, the incidence of HCC is expected to continue rising. As a class of organic molecules widely distributed in nature, quinone compounds possess notable antioxidant, antibacterial, and antitumor properties. This article selects several quinone compounds that have shown notable research progress in recent years and artificially categorizes them into “plant-derived quinone compounds” and “non-plant-derived quinone compounds.” We then provide a detailed review of the research findings regarding HCC in vitro and in vivo experiments and clinical trials, including their potential toxic side effects. Additionally, based on the varying toxicity reduction of several selected plant-derived quinones when combined with doxorubicin, we further hypothesize that these plant-derived quinone compounds may also exert detoxifying effects on other non-plant-derived quinones discussed in this article. In summary, quinone compounds still hold significant research value and development potential in the fight against HCC. At the same time, we hope our review will provide valuable insights and inspiration for future research in this field.