Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) present significant clinical challenges, often leading to severe motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction, with profound impacts on patient quality of life and considerable healthcare costs. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the therapeutic potential of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMF) and Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) as non-invasive modalities for promoting peripheral nerve regeneration. We explore their cellular and molecular mechanisms of action, discuss optimal treatment parameters, and present evidence from preclinical and clinical studies, including their synergistic effects with other therapies and emerging applications beyond neurological repair. Clinical studies have shown that PEMF therapy can significantly reduce neuropathic pain and improve functions, whereas LIPUS demonstrates the ability to enhance nerve conduction.

Background/Objectives: Accurate assessment of submucosal invasion is important when selecting patients with early colorectal cancer for organ-preserving treatment. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic intermuscular dissection (EID) enable en bloc resection and detailed histopathological assessment. This study explored whether routinely recorded pre-resection endoscopic characteristics differed between SM1 and SM2–3 lesions within a selected cohort of patients who underwent salvage surgery after non-curative endoscopic resection. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 43 patients with T1 colorectal cancer who underwent ESD or EID and subsequently underwent salvage surgery because of non-curative histopathological findings. Among the 43 included patients, 37 underwent ESD and 6 underwent EID. Pre-resection Paris morphology and pit-pattern classification were compared according to final histopathological depth of submucosal invasion. Exploratory univariable logistic regression was used to examine associations with SM2–3 invasion. Results: Five patients had SM1 invasion and 38 had SM2–3 invasion. No statistically significant differences in the evaluated baseline or endoscopic variables were observed between the two groups. Exploratory regression estimates were imprecise, with wide confidence intervals, reflecting the small number of SM1 cases. Conclusions: In this selected cohort of patients undergoing salvage surgery after non-curative ESD/EID, Paris morphology and pit-pattern classification did not show statistically significant differences between SM1 and SM2–3 lesions. Because curatively treated patients were not included and only five patients had SM1 invasion, these findings do not estimate the diagnostic performance of these classifications in the broader pre-resection population and should be considered hypothesis-generating.