Purpose of study is revealing significant differences in serum proteomes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD). Quantitative mass-spectrometry based proteomic analysis was used to quantify proteins in the blood serum samples after the depletion of six major blood proteins. Comparison of proteome profiles of different groups revealed 27 proteins being specific for schizophrenia, and 18 – for BD. Protein set in schizophrenia was mostly associated with immune response, cell communication, cell growth and maintenance, protein metabolism and regulation of nucleic acid metabolism. Protein set in BD was mostly associated with immune response, regulating transport processes across cell membrane and cell communication, development of neurons and oligodendrocytes and cell growth. Concentrations of ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 12 (ANKRD12) and cadherin 5 in serum samples were determined by ELISA. Significant difference between three groups was revealed in ANKRD12 concentration (p = 0.02), with maximum elevation of ANKRD12 concentration (median level) in schizophrenia followed by BD. Cadherin 5 concentration differed significantly (p = 0.035) between schizophrenic patients with prevailing positive symptoms (4.78 [2.71, 7.12] ng/ml) and those with prevailing negative symptoms (1.86 [0.001, 4.11] ng/ml). Our results are presumably useful for discovering the new pathways involved in endogenous psychotic disorders.

This article describes the most likely classes of proteins and molecular processes that specifically characterize schizophrenic spectrum disorders such as simple and paranoid schizophrenia, schizotypal disorder, and acute polymorphic psychotic disorder (APPD). The identification of patients’ serum proteins was carried out using mass spectrometry. For patients with paranoid schizophrenia, the proteins responsible for translation and transcription are characteristic. A significant part of the proteins of patients with simple schizophrenia regulate the cell’s main metabolic and transport processes. These are proteins of the receptor system, vesicular transport, and extracellular matrix, which mainly carry out catabolic processes. The proteins of patients with schizotypal disorder mostly coincided with the classes of other patients, apart from chaperone proteins, which were not found in other studied groups. These proteins are mainly involved in anabolic processes. The main classes of proteins found in patients with APPD are responsible for the metabolism of nucleic acids. Active apoptosis processes were also revealed in these patients. These results from our basic knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of these disorders.

The objective: the involvement of glutamatergic neurotransmitter systems in the pathogenesis of schizophrenic spectrum disorders and BD has been repeatedly proven. But today, there are no methods available to evaluate the glutamate metabolism in patients with mental disorders. The paper presents differences in the level of glutamate in the blood serum of patients with a schizophrenic spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, and healthy individuals.Patients and methods: the study included 224 people. 179 patients were presented with paranoid schizophrenia, simple schizophrenia, schizotypal disorder, acute polymorphic disorder, schizoaffective disorder and BD.Results: in this work shows that the level of glutamate in patients in all studied groups is statistically significantly higher than in healthy individuals, except for acute polymorphic psychotic disorder. Serum glutamate concentration in patients with schizotypal disorder is 1.6 times higher than in healthy individuals. The significant differences in glutamate levels were detected in patients with schizotypal disorder and OCD (p = 0.045), and patients with paranoid schizophrenia (p = 0.012). The concentration of glutamate is also increased in patients with simple schizophrenia compared to patients with paranoid schizophrenia (p = 0.039). In addition, it was observed a glutamate increase in healthy individuals compared in patients with a continuous course of schizophrenia (p = 0.001), in patients with an episodic course with progressive deficit (p = 0.0211) and in patients with a schizophrenia duration of more than 12 years.Conclusions: thus, the concentrations of glutamate in the blood serum of patients are depending on the severity of the course of schizophrenia and maybe an additional paraclinical criterion for the diagnosis of schizotypal disorder.

Recurrent depressive disorder (RDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are the most common affective disorders worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of these disorders remains far from understood. Macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) mapping is a sensitive and specific quantitative MRI method for the assessment of brain tissue myelination, but its clinical value for affective disorders remains unknown. This cross-sectional study employed fast MPF mapping on a 1.5 T MRI scanner using the single-point synthetic reference method to investigate myelin abnormalities in white matter of RDD and BD patients. ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of the group (RDD vs. BD vs. two age-matched control groups; F (3.76) = 7.42, p < 0.001, η² = 0.227). MPF values were significantly reduced in RDD versus BD patients (p < 0.001). BD showed elevated MPF compared to controls (p = 0.01). MPF levels showed significant weak-to-moderate correlations with clinical scales of affective disorders. These findings demonstrate divergent cerebral myelination patterns—hypomyelination in RDD versus an increased myelin content in BD. In conclusion, MPF mapping demonstrated a promise as a marker of myelin content changes in affective disorder.

ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ Определить сывороточные концентрации ряда белков, обнаруженных с помощью протеомного анализа в сыворотке крови больных биполярным аффективным расстройством (БАР), и оценить взаимосвязь их уровня с клиническими характеристиками заболевания. МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ Концентрации кадгерина 5, XIII фактора свертывания крови и белка-продукта гена ANKRD12 в сыворотке крови больных БАР и здоровых лиц определялись при помощи коммерческих наборов для твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа согласно протоколу производителя. Степень тяжести текущей депрессии и тяжести основных клинических проявлений БАР оценивалась по шкалам SIGH-SAD и CGI при поступлении в стационар, до назначения терапии. Статистический анализ проводился с применением критериев Краскела—Уоллиса и Манна—Уитни. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ Сравнение подгрупп больных БАР, выделенных в соответствии с текущим аффективным эпизодом (гипоманиакальным, маниакальным, депрессивным и смешанным), и контрольной группы показало статистически значимые различия концентрации белка-продукта гена ANKRD12 (p=0,0448). При парном сравнении каждой подгруппы с контрольной группой статистически значимое различие концентрации белка-продукта гена ANKRD12 обнаружено только в подгруппе больных БАР с текущим депрессивным эпизодом (критерий Манна—Уитни, p=0,006). Сравнение концентрации белка-продукта гена ANKRD12 у подгрупп больных БАР с разной длительностью заболевания (с длительностью 11 лет) и контрольной группы выявило статистически значимые различия (p=0,04, p=0,01, p=0,02 соответственно), максимальная концентрация белка обнаружена у больных с длительностью заболевания >11 лет. Выявлены достоверная отрицательная корреляция концентрации кадгерина 5 с выраженностью атипичных депрессивных симптомов по SIGH-SAD (r=–0,69, p=0,038) и снижение его концентрации у больных БАР с бо`льшей тяжестью текущего депрессивного эпизода. Также выявлена достоверная отрицательная корреляция средней силы между концентрацией XIII фактора свертывания крови и показателями по CGI (r=–0,62, p=0,032). ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ Полученные результаты указывают на связь изученных белков с патогенезом БАР. Дальнейшее изучение выявленных белков может помочь при разработке новых терапевтических и диагностических методик.

The antipsychotics studied increase the risk of development of cardiovascular pathology.