Leukemia is the most prevalent type of cancer among children in Saudi Arabia. It has variable clinical presentations and accounts for a large scale of mortality and morbidity. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) constituted the majority of pediatric leukemic cases with male gender predisposition. The most common first presentation that patients come with are manifestations of anemia, thrombocytopenia, and fever. Bone pain, fatigue, weight loss, organomegaly, and pale skin are among the commonest manifestations of pediatric leukemia. Childhood ALL and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) clinical manifestations seem to be very similar, even though there’re some considerable differences in how common the clinical characteristics are. Chromosomal abnormalities are taken into consideration to determine survival and treatment. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for the childhood leukemia population in Saudi Arabia. Our review article aims at providing comprehensible and updated statistical data on the different types of leukemia and their clinical presentations in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Epilepsy is a prevalent condition that affects a large population. However, a lack of knowledge and misconceptions about seizures can lead to inappropriate reactions and negative attitudes toward people with epilepsy, who are more likely to experience stigma because of their illness. This study explored public knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of epilepsy and seizures among residents of Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A descriptive, cross‐sectional study was conducted between September and November 2023 involving 2626 random adult residents of the Madinah Region in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through an online survey consisting of 27 questions concerning epilepsy. Results: Regarding participants’ awareness of epilepsy, 92.2% reported having heard or read about it, and 12.8% had attended a course on controlling epileptic seizures. The results showed an acceptable level of understanding about epilepsy. The mean knowledge and attitude scores about epilepsy for the sample were 22 (SD ± 3.2) and 27.1 (SD ± 3.1), respectively, indicating moderate knowledge and positive attitudes toward epilepsy. Among demographic characteristics, knowledge about epilepsy was significantly associated with gender, age, marital status, educational level, occupation, household monthly income, having heard about epilepsy, having a family member diagnosed with epilepsy, and course attendance. However, attitudes toward epilepsy were only significantly associated with gender, having heard about epilepsy, having a family member diagnosed with epilepsy, and course attendance. Similarly, actions toward seizure attacks were significantly associated with all demographic characteristics except education. Conclusions: The residents of Madinah have generally positive attitudes regarding epilepsy, although their knowledge levels could be enhanced by education. Therefore, more educational awareness campaigns are required to improve public understanding of epilepsy and appropriate actions to take when witnessing a seizure. The results of this study provide a foundation for worldwide comparisons of general levels of knowledge and attitudes concerning epilepsy in Saudi Arabia.