Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a significant clinical condition that can arise during liver resections, trauma, and shock. Geraniol, an isoterpene molecule commonly found in nature, possesses antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. This study investigates the impact of geraniol on hepatic damage by inducing experimental liver I/R injury in rats. Twenty-eight male Wistar Albino rats weighing 350-400 g were utilized for this study. The rats were divided into four groups: control group, I/R group, 50 mg/kg geraniol+I/R group, and 100 mg/kg geraniol+I/R group. Ischemia times were set at 15 minutes with reperfusion times at 20 minutes. Ischemia commenced 15 minutes after geraniol administration. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactic acid were measured, along with superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity levels in liver tissues. Liver tissues were also examined histopathologically. It was observed that intraperitoneal administration of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg geraniol significantly reduced AST, lactic acid, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. The serum ALT level decreased significantly in the 50 mg/kg group, whereas no significant decrease was found in the 100 mg/kg group. SOD and GPx enzyme activities were shown to increase significantly in the 100 mg/kg group. Although there was an increase in these enzyme levels in the 50 mg/kg group, it was not statistically significant. Similarly, CAT enzyme activity increased in both the 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg groups, but the increase was not significant. The Suzuki score significantly decreased in both the 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg groups. The study demonstrates that geraniol reduced hepatic damage both biochemically and histopathologically and increased antioxidant defense enzymes. These findings suggest that geraniol could be used to prevent hepatic I/R injury, provided it is corroborated by large-scale and comprehensive studies.

Aims: Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Anastomotic leaks are one of the most important causes of early postoperative mortality and morbidity. We aimed to investigate results of endoscopic stenting after anastomostic leakage. Methods: The study retrospectively analyzed data from patients who had gastric tumor surgeries at the Surgical Oncology Clinic of Ankara Etlik City Hospital between November 2022 and April 2024. Clinical presentation leading to leak suspicion, and endoscopy timing, post-endoscopic stent placement, the study recorded several outcomes such as reduction in fistula output, resumption of oral intake, normalization of biochemical parameters, drain removal, and discharge timing. It also tracked readmission details, the total number of endoscopic procedures, and stent removal times. Results: Anastomotic leaks developed in 8 patients (12.9%) and all of them had stents placed. Among the patients who received stents, 7 patients (87.5%) were male and one patient (12.5%) was female. The first symptoms of anastomotic leaks developed on mean on the 3.7th day, and endoscopic stent placement was performed on mean 28.25 hours after the initial symptoms appeared. Follow-up of patients with stents revealed that 37.5% (n: 3) had stent malposition. One patient (12.5%) required repeated balloon dilation due to stent migration and anastomotic stricture. It was observed that patients had recurrent visits and required additional endoscopic interventions after endoscopic stenting Conclusion: Endoscopic stenting is a significant method in managing anastomotic leaks after gastrectomies performed for gastric cancer, with low mortality and morbidity rates. Clinical problems such as stricture and stent migration, which can occur after endoscopic stent placement for anastomotic leaks, can be overcome through repeated interventions performed with patience and care by experienced centers.

Background: Centrally located breast tumors pose surgical challenges in achieving oncologic margin safety and acceptable aesthetic outcomes due to their proximity to the nipple-areola complex. Although mastectomy has traditionally been preferred, advances in oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery have enabled oncologically safe breast conservation with nipple-areola complex preservation. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 291 patients who underwent oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery with nipple-areola complex preservation between October 2022-June 2025. Tumors were located retroareolarly or within 2 cm of the areolar margin. Patients with nipple-areola complex involvement, nipple excision, central mastectomy, or benign or pure ductal carcinoma in situ were excluded. Patients were grouped according to surgical technique (donut, racquet, batwing, reduction mammoplasty), and clinicopathological features, complication rates, surgical margins, and patient-reported satisfaction were evaluated. Results: The overall complication rate was 14.4%, and reoperation due to complications occurred in 1.03% of patients. The re-excision rate for positive surgical margins was 7.2%, with the highest rate observed in the batwing group (16.7%). Racquet mammoplasty achieved the widest margins (>2 cm) in 15.8% of cases but was associated with the highest complication rates and the lowest patient satisfaction. In contrast, reduction mammoplasty resulted in the highest aesthetic satisfaction, with 91.7% of patients rating outcomes as “excellent” or “good.” Conclusion: While racquet mammoplasty provides wider surgical margins, it is associated with lower patient satisfaction and higher complication-related reoperation rates. Reduction mammoplasty offers the most favorable balance between aesthetic outcomes and patient satisfaction, emphasizing the importance of individualized surgical planning in centrally located breast tumors. These findings are consistent with established benchmarks reported in the literature.

Aims: Nonoperative management (NOM) of blunt splenic injuries in adults has become a standard approach in hemodynamically stable patients We aimed to investigate the reliability of NOM and the risk factors for failure of NOM. Methods: Included in the present study were 97 patients who underwent NOM for blunt splenic trauma between 2014 and 2022, whose computed tomography (CT) images, treatment, number of transfused erythrocyte suspensions, complications, duration of hospital stay and mortality data were evaluated retrospectively. The cases that underwent laparotomy due to NOM failure (Group OP, n: 20), and those in whom NOM was successful (Group NOM, n: 77) were statistically compared. Results: Among the patients, nine were female and 88 were male, with a mean age of 23.7 years. The CT grade was higher in the OP group than in the NOM group (p: <0.001); the number of patients with multiple organ injuries was significantly higher in the OP group (p: 0.026); the number of ES transfused patients was significantly higher in the OP group (p<0.001); and the duration of hospital stay was longer in the OP group (p0.5 units) were determined as risk factors for NOM failure based on a ROC analysis (p0.5 units) were found to be predictive for NOM failure.