Introduction: Our study aimed to compare the sociodemographic, diagnostic, clinical, and self-report scale data of adults diagnosed with ADHD in childhood/adolescence versus adulthood and to identify risk factors associated with delayed/missed diagnosis for ADHD. Method: Sociodemographic, clinical, and diagnostic data of 214 adults with ADHD, followed at the Adult Neurodevelopmental Disorders Clinic, Selçuk University, between January 2022 and January 2024, were analyzed. The diagnostic evaluations were made using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Clinician Version. Clinical data included age, gender, years of education, alcohol/substance use, diagnosis age, and current medication use for ADHD. Data collected from self-report scales included both ADHD-related measurements and comorbidity-related measurements. Results: The findings revealed that only 34.4% ( n = 74) of sample received a formal ADHD diagnosis during childhood/adolescence. Adults diagnosed with ADHD in adulthood were older and had higher education levels, more severe ADHD symptoms, and increased maladaptive daydreaming (MD) scores, compared to those diagnosed in childhood or adolescence. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the severity of MD was associated with being in the group diagnosed with ADHD in adulthood while controlling for other significant parameters from bivariate analyses, such as age, years of education, and current medication use for ADHD. Finally, analyses conducted separately in both groups showed that: (1) increased MD severity was a predictor of higher ADHD symptoms in those diagnosed in adulthood, but not in those diagnosed in childhood/adolescence, and (2) MD severity had a stronger correlation with ADHD symptoms, the number of comorbid psychiatric disorders, and symptoms of excessive mind wandering, depression, and anxiety in those diagnosed in adulthood compared to those diagnosed in childhood/adolescence. Conclusion: MD may delay ADHD diagnosis until adulthood by masking and compensating ADHD symptoms and delay in referral to mental health professionals, and it might also be a predictive symptom for recognizing ADHD in adults who have never been diagnosed; however, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this.

The main aim of this section is to provide clinicians with a guide to the prevalence of psychopathologies, associated factors, and their treatment in children with Down syndrome (DS). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), behavioral disorders, depression, and autism are more common in DS than the normal population. However, the incidence of psychopathology is generally lower in DS than in other diseases that cause mental retardation. While writing this chapter, approximately 200 articles in electronic databases were scanned using the keywords “Down Syndrome and Psychopathology,” “Down Syndrome and Mood Disorder,” “Down Syndrome and Autism,” “Down Syndrome and Anxiety,” “Down Syndrome and Catatonia,” and “Down Syndrome and Behavioral Disorder.” Psychopathologies in DS will be presented in eight subtitles beginning with the most often diagnosed. It is important to perform psychological evaluations of patients with DS during routine follow-ups. Comorbid diseases (obstructive sleep apnea, cardiac pathologies, etc.) should be taken into account when choosing drugs.

Objectives The objective of this study is to report a case of Pisa syndrome due to olanzapine use in an autistic adolescent. Methods The patient was a 12-year-old adolescent girl who was taking olanzapine for autism-related behavioral problems. Abnormal posture and balance problems appeared in the third month of olanzapine treatment. The patient was diagnosed as having Pisa syndrome after clinical evaluation. Biperiden was started on the patient whose complaints continued despite olanzapine treatment was stopped. Patient's complaints regressed with biperiden treatment. Results According to our knowledge, there is no an autistic adolescent case of Pisa syndrome previously reported in the literature. Further studies are needed to clarify the etiology and treatment of Pisa syndrome. Conclusions In patients with balance problems and abnormal posture as a result of olanzapine use, the clinician should keep in mind Pisa syndrome.

Objective: Acne vulgaris, a prevalent chronic condition among adolescents, significantly impacts patients’ quality of life and self-esteem. Our aim was to investigate whether how adolescents perceive their family emotional atmosphere has an impact on their acne severity, quality of life, and self-esteem. Materials and Methods: This study included 118 patients with acne vulgaris who completed various assessments, including a sociodemographic data form, the Acne Quality of Life Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Shortened Level of Expressed Emotion Scale (SLEES) and, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The Global Acne Grading System is performed by an experienced dermatologist to determine the severity of acne. Results: Out of 118 patients, 78 (66.1%) were female and 40 (33.9%) were male. The mean age of patients was 15.2 ± 1.3 years. There was a positive correlation between the severity of acne and the levels of perceived intrusiveness subscores of SLEES (P = .021, r = 0.212). Significant correlations were also observed among quality of life scores, anxiety and depression levels, lack of emotional support (LES) scores, and self-esteem levels. The initial linear regression analysis demonstrated that the level of LES subscores of SLEES and levels of anxiety and depression were predictors of self-esteem. In the second regression analysis, anxiety and depression levels were identified as significant predictors of quality of life. Conclusion: The perceived family emotional atmosphere may be an important factor in evaluating the severity of acne as well as the self-esteem and quality of life of adolescent patients with acne vulgaris. Cite this article as: Güler HA, Koç Yıldırım S, Güler D. The relationship between adolescents’ perception of family emotional atmosphere and acne severity, self-esteem, and quality of life in adolescents diagnosed with acne vulgaris. Turk Arch Pediatr. 2023;58(6):646-652.

Amaç: Bu çalışma kaygı bozukluğu (KB) olan ergenlerle sağlıklı ergenleri, siber zorbalık, siber zorbalığa duyarlılık ve siber mağduriyet durumları açısından karşılaştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel bir desene sahip bu çalışma Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesinde gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmanın örneklemi 28 KB tanısı olan ergen ile herhangi bir psikopatoloji saptanmayan 39 sağlıklı kontrolden oluşturuldu. Tüm katılımcılara Sosyodemografik veri formu, Siber Zorbalık Ölçeği (SBÖ), Siber Zorbalığa İlişkin Duyarlılık Ölçeği (SZDÖ), Siber Mağduriyet Ölçeği (SMÖ) ve Çocuklarda Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği-Yenilenmiş (ÇADÖ-Y) uygulandı. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda KB grubunun kaygı ve depresyon puanlarının kontrol grubundan anlamlı olarak daha yüksek olduğu görüldü. Siber durumlar açısından iki grup karşılaştırıldığında ise siber mağduriyet puanlarının KB grubunda anlamlı olarak yüksek olduğu saptandı. Tüm grupta kaygı ve depresyon puanları ile siber mağduriyet puanları arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki belirlendi. Sonuç: KB olan ergenlerin daha fazla siber mağduriyet yaşadığı, kaygı ve depresyon belirtileri arttıkça siber mağduriyet şiddetinin de arttığı görülmüştür. Ergenlik döneminde sıkça görülen kaygı bozuklukların takibinde tanı ve tedaviyi şekillendirmemize olumlu katkı sağlayabilecek siber mağduriyet durumunu değerlendirmenin bütüncül bir yaklaşım olarak gerekli olabileceği düşünüldü.