To study on the morphological character of cytology and physiological and biochemical mechanism of alfalfa cytoplasmic male sterile line, this paper took sterile line MS-GN1A and maintainer line MS-GN1B as raw material, separately conducted microscopic observation to anther in different development stage and determined the content of soluble sugar, starch, soluble protein, free proline and malondialdehyde, and the activity of antioxidant enzyme (catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase). The results showed that: 1. Compared with maintainer line, the pollen grain of alfalfa cytoplasmic male sterile line presented shriveled appearance, smaller size with deletion and few; during the tetrad period of pollen, tapetum cell abnormally grew; callose and epidermis didn’t disintegrate and couldn’t release pollen grain; pollen abortion of alfalfa cytoplasmic sterile line was related to the abnormal development of connective vascular bundle. 2. With the growth and development of bud and the development and maturity of pollen, the content of soluble sugar, starch, soluble protein, and free proline showed deficient phenomenon in each development period of bud of sterile line MS-GN1A; as peroxidation index of membranous substance, the activity of malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzyme was higher than it of homotype maintainer line MS-GN1B.

Dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae are important contributors to terrestrial ecosystem processes, playing key roles in dung decomposition, soil bioturbation, and nutrient cycling. Among these, large-bodied species are often considered functionally important due to their strong dung-processing capacity. One such example is Synapsis davidis , a large-bodied dung beetle endemic to China. This species exhibits dual dung-processing strategies—both tunneling directly beneath dung pats and rolling dung balls for burial—and is found in forest, grassland, and ecotonal habitats. These ecological traints suggest that S. davidis may help remove dung and the maintain essential processes, making it a promising target for studies on grassland conservation and ecological restoration. However, genomic resources for this species remain unavailable. To address this gap, we generated a chromosome-level genome assembly for S. davidis using PacBio HiFi, Illumina, and Hi-C sequencing data. The final assembly spans 1.10 Gb and comprises 10 assembled chromosomes, with a scaffold N50 of 107.51 Mb and a BUSCO completeness of 99.40% based on the endopterygota_odb10 database. We predicted 10,955 protein-coding genes, of which 99.11% were functionally annotated. Altogether, this resource provides a foundation for future ecological, evolutionary, and comparative genomic studies of dung beetles.