Increased reclamation activity has adversely affected the conservation of coastal environments. The interactions between reclamation activities and their interference with the natural and functional properties of coastal zones increase the difficulty of marine spatial planning and eco-environmental management. In this study, an evaluation method for describing the intensity of the reclamation activity (RAI) based on regional planning theory and human–marine coordination theory was proposed, and a quantitative evaluation index system was constructed. The method was applied to Shandong Province in China via geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis. The results reveal that there was an obvious increase in the RAI from 1974 to 2021, with the total reclamation scale index and coordination of reclamation activities index being the most prominent. In addition, it was found that 2007–2017 was the peak period of infilling reclamation in Shandong Province. The natural coastlines are mainly occupied by enclosed mariculture and saltern, which should be strictly managed. The proposed index system can effectively identify the spatiotemporal characteristics of the reclamation intensity and can be used to efficiently determine management priorities. It provides a theoretical basis for regional reclamation management and can be conveniently adopted by management departments for coastal environmental protection.

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are pivotal in safeguarding and preserving global ocean ecosystems. However, oil spills exert both discernible and evident impacts on marine ecosystems and the biodiversity of MPAs. In this research, an environmental model for assessing vulnerability to oil spills was constructed, which amalgamates diverse indicators pertaining to pressure, state, and response capabilities into a unified index. This integration was achieved through the utilization of a geographic information system (GIS) and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). For clarity, the Bohai Sea was segmented into seven distinct response zones. The study’s results underscore the substantial spatial disparities in vulnerability when these zones are exposed to oil spills. Notably, zone 6 displayed markedly heightened vulnerability compared to the other zones, while MPAs exhibiting relatively low to extremely low vulnerabilities were primarily situated in the northern sector of zone 7 and across zone 5. This study employed a quantitative vulnerability analysis to offer valuable perspectives on the repercussions of oil spill incidents on MPAs. This emphasizes the necessity of enhancing adaptability to minimize vulnerability, benefiting MPA stakeholders susceptible to the risks associated with oil spills.