Water pollution caused by synthetic dyes is a major environmental concern due to their stability, toxicity, and resistance to conventional wastewater treatments. This study presents a sustainable approach for synthesizing zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using artichoke biomass (waste) as a green precursor and enhancing their visible light photocatalytic activity through phosphorus doping. ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a simple green route and doped with 3–6% phosphorus using NH₄H₂PO₄. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the resulting P-ZnO were characterized by XRD, SEM/EDX, TEM, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. (6 wt%) Phosphorus doping effectively reduced the band gap from 3.06 eV to 2.95 eV, extended light absorption into the visible range, and improved electron–hole separation, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic performance. The P-ZnO nanoparticles were evaluated for methylene blue (MB) degradation under visible light in a photo-Fenton-like process, with H₂O₂ as an oxidant. The degradation efficiency reached 87.05% with 6% P-ZnO and further increased to 92.35% upon addition of H₂O₂. Durability and reusability tests demonstrated that the 6% P-ZnO catalyst maintained its activity and structural integrity over four consecutive cycles, indicating negligible loss of efficiency and excellent resistance to surface poisoning. The photocatalytic activity was strongly impacted by the quantity of catalyst, solution pH, and initial dye levels, with optimal performance at 0.3 g/L catalyst loading, pH 3, and lower MB concentrations.

This paper examines the electricity sector of Morocco from 2011 to 2022. Based on the data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration, the World Bank, and ONEE, four major indicators were computed: electricity deficit (ED), electricity import dependency (EID), self-sufficiency ratio (SSR), and per capita electricity consumption (PCEC). The findings indicate that electricity production increased from 20.3 TWh in 2011 to 41.2 TWh in 2022, while consumption climbed from 26 TWh to 35 TWh for the same period. The self-sufficiency ratio remained above 100% after 2015 and reached a maximum of 121.2% in 2019, clearly indicating Morocco's transition from an importer to a net exporter of electricity. Although the renewable capacity has grown to make up 38% of the mix, coal stayed the main source (59.4% in 2022). The per capita consumption went up from 790 kWh to 934 kWh. These results unveil that Morocco has made remarkable strides in electricity self-sufficiency while still facing the challenge of fossil fuel lock-in. Accelerating the integration of renewables, making the grid more flexible, and formulating specific coal transition policies are the study's main recommendations for ensuring sustainability in the long run.

Reliable determination of heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) in ores with multiple components through ICP-OES analysis is limited by their complex spectral signatures and dependency on the chemical matrix of each sample. A double gate-line selection method was developed that utilizes both correlation between candidate ICP-OES line intensity values and ICP-MS reference concentration values for 24 geological samples and standard addition recovery screening. The multi acid decomposition of all samples utilized HNO₃, HCl, HF, HClO₄, and H₂O₂. The eight selected lines were Gd at 335.048 nm, Tb at 350.914 nm, Dy at 353.171 nm, Ho at 345.600 nm, Er at 369.265 nm, Tm at 313.125 nm, Yb at 369.419 nm, and Lu at 291.139 nm. Limits of detection for the blank-derived data range from 0.02 to 0.10 mg/kg; the limit of quantification ranges from 0.07 to 0.32 mg/kg. However, the lower bound of calibration standards represents 2.00 mg/kg in the solid phase. Therefore, any results that fall below this threshold will be represented as estimated (extrapolated) rather than measured (quantitatively determined). CRM recoveries for the eight target analytes fell within the range of 91.67 to 105.78 percent; however, the two CRM comparisons where the analytical result for one or more target analytes exceeded the two-sided critical T-value (two tailed) of 2.31 were Tb in OREAS 465 and Er in OREAS 461. Due to the fact that the 24 samples analyzed for ICP-OES/ICP-MS correlation analysis were also used for the initial selection of candidate ICP-OES lines, the demonstrated correlations represent internal validity versus independent prediction. Single interferent controlled experiments and matrix-matched calibration experiments were not completed.