Background: Primary malignant brain tumors (PBT) impose substantial burdens on patients and caregivers. Caregivers are essential in the delivery of outpatient care for patients with PBT but experience high levels of fatigue, distress, and health decline. Although exercise is known to improve outcomes in cancer patients, interventions tailored specifically to the PBT patient–caregiver dyad remain limited. Dyadic intervention, as well as exercise oncology, are emerging areas of active research in neuro-oncology. This scoping review incorporates both principles to evaluate the existing literature on exercise interventions on primary brain tumor patient–caregiver dyads. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, CINAHL (EBSCO), Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine (EBSCO), and Cochrane Central (Ovid) in December 2025 for studies involving exercise interventions that included adult PBT patients and caregivers. Results: Of the 1126 records screened, eight studies were included: four yoga-based interventions (three feasibility trials and one ongoing multicenter RCT), one pilot ski-based intervention, and three aerobic and resistance training-based interventions (two qualitative and one ongoing trial). The interventions were safe and feasible, with high adherence and retention. The preliminary reported benefits included improvements in fatigue, sleep, quality of life, and caregiver distress for the dyads. Videoconference delivery was effective, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The eight included studies comprised 5–67 dyads, with four being single-arm feasibility studies. Conclusions: Current literature on dyadic exercise intervention in neuro-oncology consists primarily of small-scale feasibility and pilot studies. Initial findings have demonstrated that such interventions are safe. However, preliminary efficacy remains limited due to the risk of bias and lack of statistical power. Larger randomized clinical trials with objective endpoints are needed to define efficacy and guide evidence-based protocols.

Neurosurgical oncology outcomes are influenced by histological factors not available before surgery, complicating preoperative counseling regarding surgical risks. Anatomically tailored outcome data have demonstrated potential predictive value. This study aims to compare the incidence of supplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome and other postoperative outcomes for tumors in the middle and superior frontal gyri undergoing resection. A retrospective single-center cohort study of patients undergoing resection of the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), superior frontal gyrus (SFG), or both (SMFG) from 2008 to 2020. The study followed STROBE guidelines. A total of 124 patients underwent 144 craniotomies. Seizures were the most common preoperative symptom, particularly in patients with MFG tumors, who also had higher rates of preoperative aphasia. Pathology varied significantly (P < 0.05) between groups, with glioblastoma multiforme more prevalent in SMFG tumors and metastases more common in MFG tumors. Supplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome occurred in 43%, more frequently in SFG tumors (47%) compared to MFG (40%) and SMFG (27%), although these differences were not statistically significant. SMA syndrome duration varied significantly (P < 0.05) across groups, with SMFG cases being the most persistent. Early postoperative aphasia was more common (P < 0.001) in MFG cases (55%), but there were no permanent deficits in the MFG group. The SMFG group had more permanent neurological deficits and higher rates of early complications (P < 0.05). Survival was significantly lower in SMFG tumors (P < 0.05) on univariate analysis but not on multivariate analysis. The study found no significant difference in SMA syndrome frequency by location, although the duration of SMA syndrome was significantly longer in SMFG cases. Postoperative aphasia was more common in MFG tumors but was temporary. Permanent deficits were rare across all regions. These anatomically tailored findings provide valuable information for surgical planning and patient counseling.