Background/Objectives: Despite the growing understanding of the relationship between the genome and nutrition, clearly defined and evidence-based clinical guidelines remain insufficient. The objective of this review was to identify and compile all available European guidelines related to the impact of genetic predisposition on nutritional recommendations in the field of gastroenterology. Methods: A review of guidelines and position papers issued by four European organisations [the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation (ECCO), the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN), the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN), and United European Gastroenterology (UEG)] was conducted for the past ten years. Results: Out of 5196 recommendations and statements extracted from 124 manuscripts, only 13 highlighted a link between genetic predisposition and dietary factors in clinical gastroenterology. From the available guidelines, there is no clear trend indicating an increased focus on genetic background and its association with nutrition in recent years. Conclusions: There is a critical opportunity for European organisations to develop an evidence-based information framework, guided by clinical protocols, in order to integrate the large volume of genetic data into clinical practice and personalised care of individuals with gastrointestinal disorders.

Background/Objectives: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals with higher prevalence among first-degree relatives. Despite its hereditary risk, little is known about how parents with at least one child with CD perceive this risk in unaffected children. This study examined parental perceptions and dietary practices regarding CD prevention in unaffected children. Methods: A cross-sectional mixed-methods study was conducted in Greek parents using an online questionnaire for the quantitative component and semi-structured interviews for the qualitative. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analysis, while qualitative data were analyzed using framework analysis. Results: Although parents demonstrated high awareness of genetic risk, this was not translated into preventive dietary modifications. Belief in the role of diet as a preventive CD strategy emerged as the only significant predictor of dietary change. Diet was widely recognized as important for overall health or as a therapeutic regimen for children living with CD; however, it was not perceived as a preventive strategy for CD. Reported family barriers to adopting a healthy diet included financial constraints and limited guidance, whereas advice from healthcare professionals emerged as a key facilitator of dietary change. Conclusions: Although parents recognize the genetic risk of CD, they rarely implement dietary changes as CD preventive behavior for their unaffected children. These findings highlight the potential value of clearer dietary guidance and targeted professional support for families with children with CD and unaffected siblings.

Background: Given the rising global prevalence of dementia and its complex etiology, involving genetic and environmental risk factors, the aim of the present exploratory study was to investigate how offspring of individuals with dementia perceive genetic risk and the role of diet in dementia prevention. Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted in Greece. Overall, 118 offspring completed an online questionnaire as-sessing demographics, risk perceptions, and dietary beliefs and practices in dementia prevention. Additionally, 22 semi-structured interviews explored dietary beliefs, prac-tices, and influencing factors using framework analysis. Results: Most participants (76.3%), widely recognized diet's role in dementia prevention, while 52.5% perceived offspring as having increased genetic risk. 40.7% reported making dietary changes to reduce disease risk, with healthcare professional consultation being the strongest pre-dictor of dietary modifications (OR = 26.612, p < 0.001). Qualitative findings showed that while dementia was viewed as severe, personal susceptibility was often perceived as uncertain or distant. Key barriers, facilitators, and the role of self-efficacy in adopt-ing healthier dietary practices were also explored. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of personalized dietary counselling and risk communication in demen-tia, to support the implementation of dietary modifications and reduce the gap be-tween knowledge and behavior in dementia prevention.

Background/Objectives: Coeliac disease (CD) is a highly heritable autoimmune disease. Given the high risk among first-degree relatives, early screening and prevention are essential, yet clinical guidelines vary. This review analyzed clinical practice guidelines issued by leading European, British, and North American organisations over a 12-year period (2014–2026) regarding genetic screening and lifestyle/dietary prevention strategies. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across official databases of prominent societies (ESSCD, UEG, ESPEN, NASPGHAN, AGA, ESPGHAN, WGO, BSG, ACG) for English-language guidelines and position papers. Extracted statements addressing genetic testing (HLA-DQ2/DQ8) and early-life risk-modifying strategies were coded into three thematic domains: 1) genetic predisposition, 2) lifestyle prevention or 3) both. Results: Eleven manuscripts yielded 399 statements, categorized into genetic predisposition (n=23, 5.8%), lifestyle prevention (n=30, 7.5%) and integrated approaches (n=2, 0.5%), with the remainder (n=344, 86.2%) addressing unrelated clinical topics. Universal consensus confirmed the high negative predictive value of HLA-DQ2/DQ8 testing to rule out CD, whereas dietary strategies (breastfeeding duration and timing of gluten introduction) showed no protective effect. ESPGHAN exclusively provided evidence regarding early-life high-risk genotypes and concluded that risk-stratified dietary guidance based on specific HLA profiles remains currently unsupported. Conclusions: Current CD guidelines demonstrate substantial international consensus regarding the role of genetic testing in disease exclusion and risk stratification. However, recommendations integrating genetic susceptibility with preventive lifestyle interventions remain scarce. Future research should focus on generating robust evidence to support precision prevention approaches and facilitate the harmonization of international guidelines.

Background/Objectives: Although the exact etiology of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) is not yet fully understood, recent evidence suggests that both genetic and dietary factors are involved in their pathogenesis. The aim of the present exploratory study was to investigate how first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals with IBD perceive genetic risk and the role of diet in IBD prevention. Methods: A mixed methods approach was followed. A total of 103 unaffected FDRs of individuals living with IBD in Greece participated in an online questionnaire examining demographic characteristics, disease-related knowledge, risk perception, and beliefs about the role of diet in IBD onset and prevention. Through 16 semi-structured interviews, the beliefs of unaffected FDRs, their dietary practices and the factors affecting those practices for IBD prevention were investigated using Framework analysis guided by the Health Belief Model. Results: Quantitative findings showed that perceived importance of diet was the strongest predictor of dietary change, while genetic beliefs were associated with reduced preventive behaviors despite professional consultation. Qualitative findings provided a deeper understanding of participants’ beliefs, highlighting that diet was mainly viewed as relevant to IBD management rather than prevention. Fear of disease onset and healthcare professional guidance were perceived as key facilitators of dietary changes. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need for individualized dietary counselling and improved risk communication, to enhance implementation of preventive dietary practices and bridge the gap between knowledge and behavior in IBD prevention.

Background: Coeliac disease (CD) is a highly heritable autoimmune disease. Given the high risk among first-degree relatives, early screening and prevention are essential, yet clinical guidelines vary. This review analyzed clinical practice guidelines issued by leading European, British, and North American organisations over a 12-year period (2014–2026) regarding genetic screening and lifestyle/dietary prevention strategies. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across official databases of prominent societies (ESSCD, UEG, ESPEN, NASPGHAN, AGA, ESPGHAN, WGO, BSG, ACG) for English-language guidelines and position papers. Extracted statements addressing genetic testing (HLA-DQ2/DQ8) and early-life risk-modifying strategies were coded into three thematic domains: (1) genetic predisposition, (2) lifestyle prevention or (3) both. Results: Eleven manuscripts yielded 399 statements, categorized into genetic predisposition (n = 23, 5.8%), lifestyle prevention (n = 30, 7.5%) and integrated approaches (n = 2, 0.5%), with the remainder (n = 344, 86.2%) addressing unrelated clinical topics. Universal consensus confirmed the high negative predictive value of HLA-DQ2/DQ8 testing to rule out CD, whereas dietary strategies (breastfeeding duration and timing of gluten introduction) showed no protective effect. ESPGHAN exclusively provided evidence regarding early-life high-risk genotypes and concluded that risk-stratified dietary guidance based on specific HLA profiles remains currently unsupported. Conclusions: Current CD guidelines demonstrate substantial international consensus regarding the role of genetic testing in disease exclusion and risk stratification. However, recommendations integrating genetic susceptibility with preventive lifestyle interventions remain scarce. Future research should focus on generating robust evidence to support precision prevention approaches and facilitate the harmonization of international guidelines.