Purpose: Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a non-infectious inflammatory disease of the thyroid. The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), also known as an easy economical marker, correlates with the severity of inflammatory responses. We aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of the SII and to compare it to other inflammatory markers in terms of diagnosis, recovery time, and recurrence of SAT. Patients and Methods: The current non-interventional observational prospective study was performed at Outpatient Department of Endocrinology, Erzurum Training and Research Hospital. Sixty-nine patients with SAT and fifty-nine healthy individuals in total were enrolled in our study. The follow-up period was 6– 12 months for all patients regarding treatment response, recurrence, and hypothyroidism. Results: The SII level was found to be significantly higher at the time of diagnosis in the SAT group compared to the control group (p=0.000). There was a significant positive correlation between the SII and SAT recovery time (p=0.000), particularly in patients receiving methyl prednisolone treatment (p=0.002). SII was not found to be significantly associated with hypothyroidism and recurrence in patients with SAT (p=0.261, p=0.568). However, compared to the ones without recurrence, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels at the time of diagnosis were found to be higher in those patients with recurrence (p=0.035, p=0.046). Conclusion: SII is a low-cost, widely available, universal indicator of inflammatory processes in SAT. It could provide many benefits in the follow-up process and the selection of aggressive anti-inflammatory treatment by estimating recovery time. SII, as a practical biomarker, may be a new diagnostic and prognostic tool for SAT.

Introduction: Emotion dysregulation (ED) has long been recognized in clinical descriptions of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but a renewed interest in ED has advanced research on the overlap between the two entities. Autonomic reactivity (AR) is a neurobiological correlate of emotion regulation; however, the association between ADHD and AR remains unclear. Our aim was to explore the clinical differences, AR, and subjective emotional responses to visual emotional stimuli in ADHD children with and without ED. Method: School-aged ADHD children with (n = 28) and without (n = 20) ED, according to the definition of deficiency in emotional self-regulation (DESR), and healthy controls (n = 22) were interviewed by using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children–Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) to screen frequent psychopathologies for these ages. All subjects were evaluated with Child Behavior Checklist 6–18 (CBCL), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD), the School-Age Temperament Inventory (SATI), and Conners’ Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-48), which were completed by parents. To evaluate emotional responses, the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) and the subjective and physiological responses (electrodermal activity and heart rate reactivity) to selected pictures were examined. Results: Regarding clinically distinctive features, the ADHD+ED group differed from the ADHD–ED and the control groups in terms of having higher temperamental negative reactivity, more oppositional/conduct problems, and lower prosocial behaviors. In the AR measures, children in the ADHD+ED group rated unpleasant stimuli as more negative, but they still had lower heart rate reactivity (HRR) than the ADHD–ED and control groups; moreover, unlike the two other groups, the ADHD+ED group showed no differences in HRR between different emotional stimuli. Conclusion: The presented findings are unique in terms of their ability to clinically and physiologically differentiate between ADHD children with and without ED.

Objectives: Vascular inflammation is a key feature of Behçet’s disease (BD), with studies showing increased vein wall thickness. The pulmonary artery, sharing structural features with veins, is of particular importance in BD. This study aimed to assess pulmonary artery wall thickness (PAWT) using transthoracic echocardiography and examine its association with disease manifestations, including major organ involvement (MOI) and mucocutaneous-limited disease (MLD), in comparison to healthy controls (HCs). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 67 patients with BD (43 with MOI, 24 with MLD) and 46 HCs. PAWT was measured from the middle of the pulmonary valve and pulmonary artery bifurcation in the parasternal short axis by an experienced cardiologist blinded to clinical data. Results: PAWT was significantly higher in patients with BD (3.5 ± 0.9 mm) than in HCs (2.7 ± 0.5 mm) (P < .001). Patients with MOI had significantly greater thickness than those with MLD and HCs (3.9 ± 0.7, 2.7 ± 0.6, 2.7 ± 0.5 mm, respectively; P < .001). The increase in thickness was most pronounced in patients with vascular involvement (P = .03). Conclusions: PAWT is greater in BD with MOI. Routine measurement may help detect vascular complications.