Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) are economically vital livestock in arid regions; however, their intestinal virome is poorly understood. We employed viral metagenomics to analyze intestinal tissue samples from deceased camels at a breeding facility in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China, and uncovered a diverse viral population dominated by dromedary camel bocavirus (DBoV1) and porcine astrovirus (PoAstV5). A molecular epidemiological survey of 261 anal swab samples collected across Xinjiang revealed prevalence rates of 36.40% (95/261) for DBoV1 and 26.44% (69/261) for PoAstV5, indicating their widespread circulation. Phylogenetic analyses of the DBoV1 NS1 and PoAstV5 ORF1a genes showed close relationships with known strains, with no evidence of recombination. This study expands the known viral spectrum of Bactrian camels, marking the first report of PoAstV5 in this species, a finding suggestive of cross-species transmission. These results enhance our understanding of camel viral diversity and provide critical data for managing enteric diseases in camel populations, with potential implications for livestock health and surveillance of zoonotic risks.

Benzimidazole (BZ) resistance in Haemonchus contortus constrains sheep production worldwide. Northwestern Xinjiang is an important livestock region, yet a parallel comparison of isotype-1 β-tubulin genotypes at the three canonical BZ-resistance loci has not been reported for Yining and Tacheng. Between July and August 2025, 148 adult male worms (77 from Yining and 71 from Tacheng) were collected from sheep processed at local abattoirs. Adult males were identified morphologically by the asymmetrical dorsal ray and the organisation of the bursal rays; females showed a barber-pole appearance. No other abomasal nematode species were observed in the examined material. Species identity of the 148 genotyped males was confirmed by ITS-2 PCR, with Sanger sequencing of 22 amplicons. Remaining males were identified by morphology only and were not subjected to molecular identification. A fragment of the isotype-1 β-tubulin gene spanning codons 167, 198 and 200 was amplified and Sanger-sequenced. Genotypes were coded SS, rS and rr. F167Y was absent from all worms. The two samples differed at E198A and F200Y. The Tacheng sample contained only heterozygous (rS) genotypes at these codons, with substitution-allele frequencies of 11.3% (E198A) and 13.4% (F200Y); SS genotypes predominated. The Yining sample contained rr genotypes at both codons, with higher substitution-allele frequencies (44.8% for E198A and 20.1% for F200Y) and more frequent co-occurrence of non-SS genotypes at the two codons. These findings provide a side-by-side molecular comparison of the two areas. Because sampling was abattoir-based, phenotypic assays were not performed, and individual treatment histories were unavailable, the results should not be read as confirmed clinical resistance or as a basis for region-specific drug protocols. They provide a baseline for further surveillance and for field efficacy testing of benzimidazoles in northern Xinjiang.