Background: The integration of house-screening and long-lasting insecticidal nets, known as insecticide-treated screening (ITS), can provide simple, safe, and low-tech Aedes aegypti control. Cluster randomised controlled trials in two endemic localities for Ae. aegypti of south Mexico, showed that ITS conferred both, immediate and sustained (~2 yr) impact on indoor-female Ae. aegypti infestations. Such encouraging results require further validation with studies quantifying more epidemiologically-related endpoints, including arbovirus infection in Ae. aegypti. We evaluated the efficacy of protecting houses with ITS on Ae. aegypti infestation and arbovirus infection during a Zika outbreak in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Methodology/Principal findings: A two-arm cluster-randomised controlled trial evaluated the entomological efficacy of ITS compared to the absence of ITS (with both arms able to receive routine arbovirus vector control) in the neighbourhood Juan Pablo II of Merida. Cross-sectional entomological surveys quantified indoor adult mosquito infestation and arbovirus infection at baseline (pre-ITS installation) and throughout two post-intervention (PI) surveys spaced at 6-month intervals corresponding to dry/rainy seasons over one year (2016–2017). Household-surveys assessed the social reception of the intervention. Houses with ITS were 79–85% less infested with Aedes females than control houses up to one-year PI. A similar significant trend was observed for blood-fed Ae. aegypti females (76–82%). Houses with ITS had significantly less infected female Ae. aegypti than controls during the peak of the epidemic (OR = 0.15, 95%CI: 0.08–0.29), an effect that was significant up to a year PI (OR = 0.24, 0.15–0.39). Communities strongly accepted the intervention, due to its perceived mode of action, the prevalent risk for Aedes-borne diseases in the area, and the positive feedback from neighbours receiving ITS. Conclusions/Significance: We show evidence of the protective efficacy of ITS against an arboviral disease of major relevance, and discuss the relevance of our findings for intervention adoption.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a multifactorial disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. The FTO variant rs9939609 has been widely associated with obesity, but emerging evidence suggests a broader role for T2D risk across diverse populations. However, Mayan ancestry individuals remain underrepresented in genetic studies. Thus, we evaluated the association of rs9939609 with T2D, fasting glucose, and HbA1c in a southeastern Mexican region with prevalent Mayan ancestry. Birthplace was used as a proxy for ancestry, although no formal ancestry assessment was conducted. The A allele was associated with increased risk for T2D in both additive (OR = 1.88 [1.08–3.40], p = 0.031) and dominant (OR = 2.09 [1.08–4.15], p = 0.032) models, even after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, and waist/hip ratio. The A allele was also associated with increased fasting glucose and HbA1c levels in the dominant model. Mediation analysis suggested that T2D may mediate the effect of rs9939609-A on glucose traits. rs9939609-A may be a risk factor for T2D and elevated glucose levels in this population. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited sample size, which may result in under- or overestimation of effect sizes.

Introducción. La diabetes tipo 2 (DT2) afectó a 537 millones de adultos (20-79 años) en 2021, con tendencia a incremento, destacándose la menor edad de inicio. Los casos familiares son frecuentes, incrementan el riesgo de desarrollar la patología en las personas sanas en quienes es factible la intervención para minimizar riesgos. La genealogía es una herramienta para determinar la susceptibilidad genética y otras variables que contribuyen a determinar el nivel de riesgo. Objetivo. Analizar el comportamiento de la DT2 en familias extensas multigeneracionales de una comunidad de Yucatán. Material y métodos. Se realizaron entrevistas para identificación de afectados con DT2 en la comunidad de Sisal, Yucatán. Se construyeron genealogías y analizó el número de afectados, su distribución por sexo, la rama parental de transmisión, grado de parentesco y edad de diagnóstico. Se estratificó el riesgo de personas sanas para desarrollar DT2 con base en sus ancestros. Resultados. Se identificaron 24 familias extensas, 769 individuos con proporción similar de hombres/mujeres, en 3-5 generaciones y 3-25 afectados con DT2 (32.4%). Predominaron las mujeres en número de afectados (en fallecidos 61.3%, en vivos 58%), alto número con edad de inicio temprano (<45 años, 48.9%) y tener progenitor afectado (75%). Ambos progenitores afectados representaron el 20.8%. Prevaleció la ascendencia materna (70.8%) entre los afectados. 71.6% de personas sanas presentaron riesgo alto para desarrollar DT2. Conclusiones. Las genealogías permitieron identificar el predominio de mujeres entre los factores de riesgo y la rama materna entre afectados, así como un riesgo alto para DT2 entre sanos

We describe and discuss the rationale, design and current implementation of a model for an integrated intervention for the primary and secondary prevention of Zika and other Aedes-borne diseases and sexually transmitted infections that impact reproductive health, pregnancy and perinatal life stages in women and their families in Merida, Mexico. The intervention includes enhanced surveillance of pregnant women, implementation of communication strategies to promote good practices to prevent disease transmission, determination of the frequency of structural anomalies detected prenatally in the foetus, umbilical cord and placenta of pregnancies diagnosed with ZIK infection, detection of ZIKV and other arboviruses/viruses in products of abortion, in-utero and early newborn, provision of Aedes aegypti-proof houses? (protecting homes with door/window screens with insecticide to prevent the access of mosquitoes), mosquito repellents, larvicides and education/promotion of best practices for the prevention of infection with dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV) and an anthropological studies on sociocultural factors of pregnant women associated with ZIKV. This intervention is being developed in a population of 10,000 people of the city of Merida and with the participation of a multidisciplinary group of public health professionals in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and the Government of Yucatan.

Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika are arboviruses transmitted by Ae. aegypti with significant public health impact. In the first trimester of 2015, autochthonous Zika transmission was reported in Mexico. The state of Yucatan is an endemic region where pregnant women with acute infection and related congenital abnormalities in fetus and newborns were observed. We describe results from a cohort of pregnant women and their babies followed up in Yucatan during the first Zika transmission outbreak (2016–2018). Clinical manifestations of acute ZIKV infection, persistence of viral RNA in pregnant women, as well as congenital abnormalities were observed. In addition, we describe the phenotype of newborns from confirmed or suspected ZIKV prenatal infection.

Antecedentes. Entre los factores de riesgo para periodontitis están descritos los genéticos, siendo la interleucina 6 (IL-6) una citocina implicada en el proceso inflamatorio y destrucción periodontal. Los polimorfismos en el gen IL-6 pueden explicar el riesgo de padecer la enfermedad en ciertas poblaciones.Objetivo. Determinar la asociación del polimorfismo g.-174G