Environmental pollution with micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) is an escalating global health concern. Despite growing evidence of MNPs’ presence in the human body, their impact on cerebrovascular diseases remains poorly understood. This study aimed to systematically assess the presence of MNPs in the vascular system and their association with the risk and progression of stroke. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251272759). PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched for original research articles published in the last 10 years. Five studies were included (2 human observational, 3 animal in vivo), comprising 287 patients and rodent models. Methodological quality was assessed using ROBINS-E and SYRCLE’s RoB tools. The analysis confirmed the presence of MNPs, particularly polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, in key human pathological structures, including carotid atherosclerotic plaques and stroke thrombi. Notably, the presence of MNPs in plaques was associated with a 4.5-fold increase in the risk of major cardiovascular events and death. Animal model studies provided a biological rationale for these observations, demonstrating that MNP exposure may lead to microembolization in cerebral circulation, blood–brain barrier disruption, and exacerbated ischemic injury. Importantly, MNP burden may reflect cumulative environmental exposure and vascular disease severity rather than a direct causal factor in stroke pathogenesis. Nevertheless, MNPs may still represent a novel, modifiable risk factor for stroke through their association with adverse vascular outcomes. Available evidence confirms their accumulation in the cardiovascular system and suggests an association with adverse clinical outcomes. Due to the limited number of studies, further standardized research on larger populations is required to establish whether a causal relationship exists.

Background: Muscle and tendon injuries of the lower limb are common in athletes and often require prolonged rehabilitation before returning to sport. Shear-wave elastography (SWE) enables quantitative assessment of tissue mechanical properties and may provide information beyond conventional morphological imaging.Aim: Sports activity resumption after lower-limb muscle and tendon injuries is a key focus of this narrative review, which summarizes current evidence on SWE in diagnosis, monitoring of healing and rehabilitation, and assessment of readiness to return to sport.Material and methods: Studies evaluating SWE in lower-limb muscle and tendon injuries were reviewed.Results: Studies demonstrate measurable SWE changes in hamstring and calf muscle injuries, Achilles tendon pathology and rupture, and patellar tendinopathy. However, the direction and magnitude of stiffness changes vary according to tissue type, injury stage, loading conditions, training status, acquisition protocol, and ultrasound system. Serial SWE measurements may therefore be more informative than isolated absolute values, particularly when performed under standardized conditions and interpreted alongside clinical and functional recovery.Conclusions: At present, SWE should be considered a complementary tool rather than a stand-alone diagnostic or return-to-sport criterion. Universal reference ranges and validated cutoff values are lacking, and the relationship between SWE normalization, re-injury risk, and readiness to return to sport remains uncertain. Further prospective studies using standardized protocols and clinically relevant outcomes are needed.

Posterior staphyloma is a key manifestation of pathological myopia, defined as a progressive bulging of the posterior eyeball wall. With increasing myopia prevalence, it remains a serious clinical problem leading to vision-threatening complications like myopic maculopathy or choroidal neovascularization. This paper reviews its pathophysiology, classifications, and diagnostic methods, highlighting ultra-widefield optical coherence tomography as a precise imaging tool. We discuss therapeutic strategies, including vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors and posterior scleral reinforcement. Despite advances, effective strategies to inhibit progression are still needed.

Purpose Intestinal malrotation is an uncommon congenital anomaly that may remain clinically silent until adulthood and is increasingly detected incidentally on computed tomography (CT). Classical radiologic markers have limited diagnostic sensitivity in adults. This study evaluated the prevalence and CT characteristics of intestinal malrotation in a large adult cohort using strict CT-based diagnostic criteria. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional review of 3,478 abdominal CT scans performed between June 2023 and April 2025 was conducted. All examinations were screened for features suggestive of rotational anomalies. Suspected cases underwent a two-stage verification process by two independent radiologists. Classification as intestinal malrotation required assessment of the predominant jejunal location, cecal position, and duodenal course. Prevalence estimates and proportions were calculated with Wilson 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Intestinal malrotation was identified in seven of 3,478 CT examinations (0.20%; 95% CI: 0.10%-0.42%). Two additional cases demonstrated atypical bowel positioning but did not fulfill the predefined primary diagnostic criteria and were excluded. The mean age of the confirmed cases was 64 ± 14 years. Gastrointestinal alarm symptoms occurred in 28.6% (two of seven) of patients, while most cases were asymptomatic. One patient presented with fatal intestinal obstruction. Conclusions Adult intestinal malrotation was uncommon and frequently detected incidentally in this CT cohort. Systematic assessment of multiple anatomical parameters may improve diagnostic confidence, as isolated anatomical deviations may mimic malrotation. These findings should be interpreted cautiously because the diagnoses were based exclusively on CT criteria, and the number of confirmed cases was small.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used in radiology, prompting the development of reporting guidelines, checklists, position statements, and evaluation frameworks. This systematic review aimed to identify and characterize these documents, assess their methodological quality, and evaluate their applicability to AI tools supporting diagnostic imaging. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched in October 2025. English-language guidance documents first officially published or made available online between 2015 and 18 October 2025, including ahead-of-print articles, were eligible. Two reviewers independently screened records and assessed methodological quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) with predefined project-specific interpretation guidance. The review was retrospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261471153). Results: Sixteen guidance documents were included. Clarity of Presentation had the highest median AGREE II score (86.1%), whereas Rigour of Development had the lowest (35.4%). CLEAR, CLEAR-E3, the CLAIM 2024 Update and the European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR) position statement were recommended for use; the remaining 12 documents were recommended with modifications. Conclusions: Radiology AI guidance is generally clear and applicable, but development methods are often insufficiently reported. No single imaging-specific document comprehensively addresses model development, validation, diagnostic workflow integration, and post-deployment monitoring; complementary guidance may therefore be required.