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Rural Europe encompasses a variety of landscapes with differing levels of forest, agriculture, and agroforestry that can deliver multiple ecosystem services (ES). Whilst provisioning and regulating ES associated with individual land covers are comparatively well studied, less is known about the associated cultural ES. Only seldom are provisioning, regulating, and cultural ES investigated together to evaluate how they contribute to multifunctionality. In this study we combined biophysical and sociocultural approaches to assess how different landscapes (dominated by forest, agriculture or agroforestry) and landscape characteristics (i.e. remoteness and landscape diversity) drive spatial associations of ES (i.e. synergies, trade-offs and bundles). We analysed data of: i) seven provisioning and regulating ES (spatially modelled), and; ii) six cultural ES (derived from participatory mapping data) in 12 study sites across four different biogeographical regions of Europe. Our results showed highly differentiated ES profiles for landscapes associated to a specific land cover, with agroforestry generally providing higher cultural ES than forest and agriculture. We found a positive relationship between the proportion of forest in a landscape and provisioning and regulating ES, whilst agriculture showed negative relationships. We found four distinct bundles of ES. Three of them were directly related to a dominant land cover and the fourth to a mixture of forest and agroforestry that was associated with high social value. The latter bundle was related to zones close to urban areas and roads and medium to high landscape diversity. These findings suggest that agroforestry should be prioritised over other land covers in such areas as it delivers a suite of multiple ES, provided it is close to urban areas or roads. Our results also illustrate the importance and application of including people’s perception in the assessment of ES associations and highlight the relevance of developing integrated analyses of ES to inform landscape management decisions.
Victor Rolo; Jose V. Roces-Diaz; Mario Torralba; Sonja Kay; Nora Fagerholm; Stephanie Aviron; Paul Burgess; Josep Crous-Duran; Nuria Ferreiro-Dominguez; Anil Graves; Tibor Hartel; Konstantinos Mantzanas; María Rosa Mosquera-Losada; Joao H.N. Palma; Anna Sidiropoulou; Erich Szerencsits; Valérie Viaud; Felix Herzog; Tobias Plieninger; Gerardo Moreno. Mixtures of forest and agroforestry alleviate trade-offs between ecosystem services in European rural landscapes. Ecosystem Services 2021, 50, 101318 .
AMA StyleVictor Rolo, Jose V. Roces-Diaz, Mario Torralba, Sonja Kay, Nora Fagerholm, Stephanie Aviron, Paul Burgess, Josep Crous-Duran, Nuria Ferreiro-Dominguez, Anil Graves, Tibor Hartel, Konstantinos Mantzanas, María Rosa Mosquera-Losada, Joao H.N. Palma, Anna Sidiropoulou, Erich Szerencsits, Valérie Viaud, Felix Herzog, Tobias Plieninger, Gerardo Moreno. Mixtures of forest and agroforestry alleviate trade-offs between ecosystem services in European rural landscapes. Ecosystem Services. 2021; 50 ():101318.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVictor Rolo; Jose V. Roces-Diaz; Mario Torralba; Sonja Kay; Nora Fagerholm; Stephanie Aviron; Paul Burgess; Josep Crous-Duran; Nuria Ferreiro-Dominguez; Anil Graves; Tibor Hartel; Konstantinos Mantzanas; María Rosa Mosquera-Losada; Joao H.N. Palma; Anna Sidiropoulou; Erich Szerencsits; Valérie Viaud; Felix Herzog; Tobias Plieninger; Gerardo Moreno. 2021. "Mixtures of forest and agroforestry alleviate trade-offs between ecosystem services in European rural landscapes." Ecosystem Services 50, no. : 101318.
This study examines the effectiveness of a model called LINGRA-N-Plus to simulate the interaction of climate, soil and management on the green leaf and total dry matter yields of ryegrass in England and Wales. The LINGRA-N-Plus model includes modifications of the LINGRA-N model such as temperature- and moisture-dependent soil nitrogen mineralization and differential partitioning to leaves and stems with thermal time from the last harvest. The resulting model was calibrated against the green leaf and total grass yields from a harvest interval x nitrogen application experiment described by Wilman et al. (1976). When the LINGRA-N-Plus model was validated against total grass yields from nitrogen experiments at ten sites described by Morrison et al. (1980), its modelling efficiency improved greatly compared to the original LINGRA-N. High predicted yields, at zero nitrogen application, were related to soils with a high initial nitrogen content. The lowest predicted yields occurred at sites with low rainfall and shallow rooting depth; mitigating the effect of drought at such sites increased yields by up to 4 t ha−1. The results highlight the usefulness of grass models, such as LINGRA-N-Plus, to explore the combined effects of climate, soil, and management, like nitrogen application, and harvest intervals on grass productivity.
Michail Giannitsopoulos; Paul Burgess; Goetz Richter; Matt Bell; Cairistiona Topp; Julie Ingram; Taro Takahashi. Modelling the Interactions of Soils, Climate, and Management for Grass Production in England and Wales. Agronomy 2021, 11, 677 .
AMA StyleMichail Giannitsopoulos, Paul Burgess, Goetz Richter, Matt Bell, Cairistiona Topp, Julie Ingram, Taro Takahashi. Modelling the Interactions of Soils, Climate, and Management for Grass Production in England and Wales. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (4):677.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichail Giannitsopoulos; Paul Burgess; Goetz Richter; Matt Bell; Cairistiona Topp; Julie Ingram; Taro Takahashi. 2021. "Modelling the Interactions of Soils, Climate, and Management for Grass Production in England and Wales." Agronomy 11, no. 4: 677.
In Croatia, farmers are showing increasing interest in establishing walnut orchards for nut production on arable land due to higher anticipated net margins. One way to address the lack of profitability in the initial years when nut yields are low may be to plant arable intercrops. The anticipated impacts of this practice were assessed using a biophysical simulation model (Yield-SAFE) to determine the growth and yield of crops and trees in arable, orchard, and silvoarable systems, and an economic farm model (Farm-SAFE) was used to assess their profitability. The walnut orchard and the intercropped orchard systems were simulated assuming tree densities of 170, 135, and 100 trees ha−1, to determine the profitability and break-even date of the systems. The biophysical simulation predicted a decline in arable intercrop yields over time in all tree density scenarios. However, analysis of productivity of intercropped systems showed that intercropping was more productive than separate arable and walnut production for all tree density scenarios. From financial aspect, the return from intercropping helped to offset some of the initial orchard establishment costs and the arable intercrop remained profitable until the sixth year after tree planting. The modelling predicted that a system with 170 trees ha−1 that included intercropping for the first 6 years provided the greatest cumulative net margin after 20 years. The financial benefit of intercropping over the first 6 years opposed to monoculture walnut fruit production appeared to be consistent across the three tree densities studied. These results suggest that silvoarable agroforestry is profitable approach to establishing walnut orchards.
Helena Žalac; Paul Burgess; Anil Graves; Michail Giannitsopoulos; Ivan Paponja; Brigita Popović; Vladimir Ivezić. Modelling the yield and profitability of intercropped walnut systems in Croatia. Agroforestry Systems 2021, 1 -12.
AMA StyleHelena Žalac, Paul Burgess, Anil Graves, Michail Giannitsopoulos, Ivan Paponja, Brigita Popović, Vladimir Ivezić. Modelling the yield and profitability of intercropped walnut systems in Croatia. Agroforestry Systems. 2021; ():1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHelena Žalac; Paul Burgess; Anil Graves; Michail Giannitsopoulos; Ivan Paponja; Brigita Popović; Vladimir Ivezić. 2021. "Modelling the yield and profitability of intercropped walnut systems in Croatia." Agroforestry Systems , no. : 1-12.
Agroforestry systems have been compared to agricultural and forestry alternatives, providing a land-use solution for additional environmental benefits while maintaining similar levels of productivity. However, there is scarce research assessing such patterns across a pan-European scale using a common methodology. This study aims to improve our understanding of the role of trees in three different regulating ecosystem services—(1) soil erosion, (2) nitrate leaching and (3) carbon sequestration—in traditional and innovative agroforestry systems in Europe through a consistent modeling approach. The systems’ assessment spans environmentally from the Mediterranean environmental region in Portugal to the Continental environmental region in Switzerland and Germany to the Atlantic environmental region in the United Kingdom. Modeled tree densities were compared in the different land-use alternatives, ranging from zero (agriculture with only crops or pasture) to forestry (only trees). The methodology included the use of a biophysical model (Yield-SAFE) where the quantification of the environmental benefits was integrated. Results show a consistent improvement of regulating ecosystem services can be expected when introducing trees in the farming landscapes in different environmental regions in Europe. For all the systems, the forestry alternatives presented the best results in terms of a decrease in soil erosion of 51% (±29), a decrease of nearly all the nitrate leaching (98% ± 1) and an increase in the carbon sequestration of up to 238 Mg C ha–1 (±140). However, these alternatives are limited in the variety of food, energy and/or materials provided. On the other hand, from an arable or pure-pasture alternative starting point, an increase in agroforestry tree density could also be associated with a decrease in soil erosion of up to 25% (±17), a decrease in nitrates leached of up to 52% (±34) and an increase in the carbon sequestered of 163 Mg C ha–1 (±128) while at the same time ensuring the same levels of biomass growth and an increase in product diversification.
Josep Crous-Duran; Anil R. Graves; Silvestre García De Jalón; Sonja Kay; Margarida Tomé; Paul J. Burgess; Michail Giannitsopoulos; João H.N. Palma. Quantifying Regulating Ecosystem Services with Increased Tree Densities on European Farmland. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6676 .
AMA StyleJosep Crous-Duran, Anil R. Graves, Silvestre García De Jalón, Sonja Kay, Margarida Tomé, Paul J. Burgess, Michail Giannitsopoulos, João H.N. Palma. Quantifying Regulating Ecosystem Services with Increased Tree Densities on European Farmland. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (16):6676.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosep Crous-Duran; Anil R. Graves; Silvestre García De Jalón; Sonja Kay; Margarida Tomé; Paul J. Burgess; Michail Giannitsopoulos; João H.N. Palma. 2020. "Quantifying Regulating Ecosystem Services with Increased Tree Densities on European Farmland." Sustainability 12, no. 16: 6676.
High-frequency Earth observation (EO) data have been shown to be effective in identifying crops and monitoring their development. The purpose of this paper is to derive quantitative indicators of crop productivity using synthetic aperture radar (SAR). This study shows that the field-specific SAR time series can be used to characterise growth and maturation periods and to estimate the performance of cereals. Winter wheat fields on the Rothamsted Research farm in Harpenden (UK) were selected for the analysis during three cropping seasons (2017 to 2019). Average SAR backscatter from Sentinel-1 satellites was extracted for each field and temporal analysis was applied to the backscatter cross-polarisation ratio (VH/VV). The calculation of the different curve parameters during the growing period involves i) fitting of two logistic curves to the dynamics of the SAR time series, which describe timing and intensity of growth and maturation, respectively; ii) plotting the associated first and second derivative in order to assist the determination of key stages in the crop development; and iii) exploring the correlation matrix for the derived indicators and their predictive power for yield. The results show that the day of the year of the maximum VH/VV value was negatively correlated with yield (r = −0.56), and the duration of “full” vegetation was positively correlated with yield (r = 0.61). Significant seasonal variation in the timing of peak vegetation (p = 0.042), the midpoint of growth (p = 0.037), the duration of the growing season (p = 0.039) and yield (p = 0.016) were observed and were consistent with observations of crop phenology. Further research is required to obtain a more detailed picture of the uncertainty of the presented novel methodology, as well as its validity across a wider range of agroecosystems.
Nikolaos-Christos Vavlas; Toby W. Waine; Jeroen Meersmans; Paul J. Burgess; Giacomo Fontanelli; Goetz M. Richter. Deriving Wheat Crop Productivity Indicators Using Sentinel-1 Time Series. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 2385 .
AMA StyleNikolaos-Christos Vavlas, Toby W. Waine, Jeroen Meersmans, Paul J. Burgess, Giacomo Fontanelli, Goetz M. Richter. Deriving Wheat Crop Productivity Indicators Using Sentinel-1 Time Series. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (15):2385.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNikolaos-Christos Vavlas; Toby W. Waine; Jeroen Meersmans; Paul J. Burgess; Giacomo Fontanelli; Goetz M. Richter. 2020. "Deriving Wheat Crop Productivity Indicators Using Sentinel-1 Time Series." Remote Sensing 12, no. 15: 2385.
Current global temperature increases resulting from human activity threaten many ecosystems and societies, and have led to international and national policy commitments that aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Bioenergy crops provide one means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from energy production and two novel crops that could be used for this purpose are Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby and Silphium perfoliatum L. This research examined the existing scientific literature available on both crops through a systematic review. The data were collated according to the agronomy, uses, and environmental benefits of each crop. Possible challenges were associated with high initial planting costs, low yields in low rainfall areas, and for Sida hermaphrodita, vulnerability to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. However, under appropriate environmental conditions, both crops were found to provide large yields over sustained periods of time with relatively low levels of management and could be used to produce large energy surpluses, either through direct combustion or biogas production. Other potential uses included fodder, fibre, and pharmaceutical uses. Environmental benefits included the potential for phytoremediation, and improvements to soil health, biodiversity, and pollination. The review also demonstrated that environmental benefits, such as pollination, soil health, and water quality benefits could be obtained from the use of Sida hermaphrodita and Silphium perfoliatum relative to existing bioenergy crops such as maize, whilst at the same time reducing the greenhouse gas emissions associated with energy production. Future research should examine the long-term implications of using Sida hermaphrodita and Silphium perfoliatum as well as improve knowledge on how to integrate them successfully within existing farming systems and supply chains.
Laura Cumplido-Marin; Anil. Graves; Paul Burgess; Christopher Morhart; Pierluigi Paris; Nicolai Jablonowski; Gianni Facciotto; Marek Bury; Reent Martens; Michael Nahm. Two Novel Energy Crops: Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby and Silphium perfoliatum L.—State of Knowledge. Agronomy 2020, 10, 928 .
AMA StyleLaura Cumplido-Marin, Anil. Graves, Paul Burgess, Christopher Morhart, Pierluigi Paris, Nicolai Jablonowski, Gianni Facciotto, Marek Bury, Reent Martens, Michael Nahm. Two Novel Energy Crops: Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby and Silphium perfoliatum L.—State of Knowledge. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (7):928.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaura Cumplido-Marin; Anil. Graves; Paul Burgess; Christopher Morhart; Pierluigi Paris; Nicolai Jablonowski; Gianni Facciotto; Marek Bury; Reent Martens; Michael Nahm. 2020. "Two Novel Energy Crops: Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby and Silphium perfoliatum L.—State of Knowledge." Agronomy 10, no. 7: 928.
Globally, forest ecosystems are shrinking and their health is declining due to a range of biotic and abiotic factors. Forest ecosystems in Pakistan are no exception and the country faces a crisis as its growing population (> 208 million) places increasing pressure on the country’s food production systems and forest resources. Effective food systems that enhance productivity, increase economic outputs, improve ecological outcomes and maintain social acceptance are needed. Agroforestry, a traditional land management system in Pakistan, offers the opportunity to meet these goals. Planting trees on private farmland provides clear ownership of any timber resource and well managed systems have great potential both to boost agriculture and reduce wood shortages. Concerted extension efforts have been made to introduce and promote innovative agroforestry practices in Pakistan, but the success of these efforts depends on many factors. This paper reviews some of the current constraints to agroforestry promotion in Pakistan, including attitudes of the extension staff, poor or weak research-extension coordination, lack of trained personnel, lack of farmer response to advice, tree species limitations, and market mechanism as well as wood price challenges. Establishing model agroforestry farms at the village level can be a productive extension approach, but successful extension programming requires partners to share both an appreciation of the problem and a vision of successful outcomes. Successful promotion also requires appropriate choice of message, messenger, target audience and effective use of appropriate communication tools. Remedial measures to streamline the existing systems and devise future sustainable strategies and approaches are suggested to promote agroforestry in Pakistan.
Mirza B. Baig; Paul J. Burgess; John H. Fike. Agroforestry for healthy ecosystems: constraints, improvement strategies and extension in Pakistan. Agroforestry Systems 2020, 1 -19.
AMA StyleMirza B. Baig, Paul J. Burgess, John H. Fike. Agroforestry for healthy ecosystems: constraints, improvement strategies and extension in Pakistan. Agroforestry Systems. 2020; ():1-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMirza B. Baig; Paul J. Burgess; John H. Fike. 2020. "Agroforestry for healthy ecosystems: constraints, improvement strategies and extension in Pakistan." Agroforestry Systems , no. : 1-19.
S García de Jalón; P.J Burgess; J Curiel Yuste; G Moreno; A Graves; J.H.N Palma; J Crous-Duran; Sonja Kay; A Chiabai. Dry deposition of air pollutants on trees at regional scale: A case study in the Basque Country. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2019, 278, 1 .
AMA StyleS García de Jalón, P.J Burgess, J Curiel Yuste, G Moreno, A Graves, J.H.N Palma, J Crous-Duran, Sonja Kay, A Chiabai. Dry deposition of air pollutants on trees at regional scale: A case study in the Basque Country. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 2019; 278 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS García de Jalón; P.J Burgess; J Curiel Yuste; G Moreno; A Graves; J.H.N Palma; J Crous-Duran; Sonja Kay; A Chiabai. 2019. "Dry deposition of air pollutants on trees at regional scale: A case study in the Basque Country." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 278, no. : 1.
Michail L. Giannitsopoulos; Paul J. Burgess; R. Jane Rickson; Jane Rickson. Effects of conservation tillage drills on soil quality indicators in a wheat–oilseed rape rotation: organic carbon, earthworms and water‐stable aggregates. Soil Use and Management 2019, 36, 139 -152.
AMA StyleMichail L. Giannitsopoulos, Paul J. Burgess, R. Jane Rickson, Jane Rickson. Effects of conservation tillage drills on soil quality indicators in a wheat–oilseed rape rotation: organic carbon, earthworms and water‐stable aggregates. Soil Use and Management. 2019; 36 (1):139-152.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichail L. Giannitsopoulos; Paul J. Burgess; R. Jane Rickson; Jane Rickson. 2019. "Effects of conservation tillage drills on soil quality indicators in a wheat–oilseed rape rotation: organic carbon, earthworms and water‐stable aggregates." Soil Use and Management 36, no. 1: 139-152.
Paul Burgess; Anil Graves; Silvestre García De Jalón; João Palma; Christian Dupraz; Meine Van Noordwijk; Spain Basque Centre For Climate Change (Bc3); Kenya World Agroforestry Centre (Icraf). Modelling agroforestry systems. Achieving sustainable production of eggs Volume 1 2019, 209 -238.
AMA StylePaul Burgess, Anil Graves, Silvestre García De Jalón, João Palma, Christian Dupraz, Meine Van Noordwijk, Spain Basque Centre For Climate Change (Bc3), Kenya World Agroforestry Centre (Icraf). Modelling agroforestry systems. Achieving sustainable production of eggs Volume 1. 2019; ():209-238.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaul Burgess; Anil Graves; Silvestre García De Jalón; João Palma; Christian Dupraz; Meine Van Noordwijk; Spain Basque Centre For Climate Change (Bc3); Kenya World Agroforestry Centre (Icraf). 2019. "Modelling agroforestry systems." Achieving sustainable production of eggs Volume 1 , no. : 209-238.
Five conservation tillage treatments were applied to an alternating rotation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) within neighboring clay and clay loam fields in the United Kingdom over three cropping seasons (2013 to 2016) with the objective of determining how the treatments affect soil physical characteristics, weed control, and crop yields. The conservation tillage systems included a relatively disruptive “Farm System” with cultivation to a depth of 200 mm, three intermediate treatments, and a “Low Disruption” treatment with cultivation to a depth of 25 to 100 mm. The disruptive Farm System showed the greatest increase in soil porosity immediately after tillage and resulted in higher wheat and oilseed rape plant counts than the other treatments. Each tillage treatment resulted in mean soil penetration resistances below 2.5 MPa, although a tillage treatment with tine depth to width ratio of 7.5:1 resulted in a higher resistance (2.14 MPa) at 150 to 200 mm than three other treatments (1.36 to 1.67 MPa) in year 1. Despite the above differences, the five tillage systems resulted in statistically similar wheat and oilseed rape yields, except when there was a delay in applying one treatment to the oilseed rape in year 3. In the first two years, the yields of wheat in the clay (9.7 to 10.6 t ha−1) and the clay loam field (11.0 to 11.6 t ha−1) were similar to yields on other commercial farms. However, in year 3, the wheat yield on the clay soil declined to 8.7 to 9.5 t ha−1. Some of this is a result of low levels of solar radiation in 2016, but the levels of blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) increased from 8.2% to 16.0%. There was no statistically significant difference between the capacity of the conservation till-age treatments to control blackgrass on the clay soil, indicating that other measures are needed to control this competitive weed.
Michail Giannitsopoulos; Paul Burgess; Richmal Jane Rickson. Effects of conservation tillage systems on soil physical changes and crop yields in a wheat–oilseed rape rotation. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 2019, 74, 247 -258.
AMA StyleMichail Giannitsopoulos, Paul Burgess, Richmal Jane Rickson. Effects of conservation tillage systems on soil physical changes and crop yields in a wheat–oilseed rape rotation. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 2019; 74 (3):247-258.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichail Giannitsopoulos; Paul Burgess; Richmal Jane Rickson. 2019. "Effects of conservation tillage systems on soil physical changes and crop yields in a wheat–oilseed rape rotation." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 74, no. 3: 247-258.
Rural development policies in many Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries promote sustainable landscape management with the intention of providing multiple ecosystem services (ES). Yet, it remains unclear which ES benefits are perceived in different landscapes and by different people. We present an assessment of ES benefits perceived and mapped by residents (n = 2,301) across 13 multifunctional (deep rural to peri-urban) landscapes in Europe. We identify the most intensively perceived ES benefits, their spatial patterns, and the respondent and landscape characteristics that determine ES benefit perception. We find outdoor recreation, aesthetic values and social interactions are the key ES benefits at local scales. Settlement areas are ES benefit hotspots but many benefits are also related to forests, waters and mosaic landscapes. We find some ES benefits (e.g. culture and heritage values) are spatially clustered, while many others (e.g. aesthetic values) are dispersed. ES benefit perception is linked to people’s relationship with and accessibility to a landscape. Our study discusses how a local perspective can contribute to the development of contextualized and socially acceptable policies for sustainable ES management. We also address conceptual confusion in ES framework and present argumentation regarding the links from services to benefits, and from benefits to different types of values.
Nora Fagerholm; Mario Torralba; Gerardo Moreno; Marco Girardello; Felix Herzog; Stephanie Aviron; Paul Burgess; Josep Crous-Duran; Nuria Ferreiro-Domínguez; Anil Graves; Tibor Hartel; Vlad Măcicăsan; Sonja Kay; Anastasia Pantera; Anna Varga; Tobias Plieninger. Cross-site analysis of perceived ecosystem service benefits in multifunctional landscapes. Global Environmental Change 2019, 56, 134 -147.
AMA StyleNora Fagerholm, Mario Torralba, Gerardo Moreno, Marco Girardello, Felix Herzog, Stephanie Aviron, Paul Burgess, Josep Crous-Duran, Nuria Ferreiro-Domínguez, Anil Graves, Tibor Hartel, Vlad Măcicăsan, Sonja Kay, Anastasia Pantera, Anna Varga, Tobias Plieninger. Cross-site analysis of perceived ecosystem service benefits in multifunctional landscapes. Global Environmental Change. 2019; 56 ():134-147.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNora Fagerholm; Mario Torralba; Gerardo Moreno; Marco Girardello; Felix Herzog; Stephanie Aviron; Paul Burgess; Josep Crous-Duran; Nuria Ferreiro-Domínguez; Anil Graves; Tibor Hartel; Vlad Măcicăsan; Sonja Kay; Anastasia Pantera; Anna Varga; Tobias Plieninger. 2019. "Cross-site analysis of perceived ecosystem service benefits in multifunctional landscapes." Global Environmental Change 56, no. : 134-147.
There is increasing interest in the use of economic valuation of ecosystem goods and services for a wide variety of purposes. These include relatively familiar uses in project appraisal and more novel applications in advocacy, performance tracking and accounting in public and private settings. Decision makers who use valuation information need to understand the background, strengths and weaknesses of these approaches. The methods have a strong foundation in economic theory and offer a rapidly growing evidence base, improving ability to evaluate a broad range of ecosystem goods and services. Nevertheless, there are theoretical and practical limitations that need to be understood and kept in mind when interpreting results. In this paper, we briefly review the economic valuation methods and situate them in their historical and theoretical contexts. We assess the main critiques, attempts at resolving them, and implications for the usefulness of the methods in different contexts. We examine the main barriers and opportunities for wider uses of valuation evidence, and draw conclusions on the appropriate role of valuation in future, as a tool for aiding reflection and deliberation processes.
Robert Tinch; Nicola Beaumont; Tim Sunderland; Ece Ozdemiroglu; David Barton; Colm Bowe; Tobias Börger; Paul Burgess; Canon Nigel Cooper; Michela Faccioli; Pierre Failler; Ioanna Gkolemi; Ritesh Kumar; Alberto Longo; Alistair McVittie; Joe Morris; Jacob Park; Neil Ravenscroft; Marije Schaafsma; James Vause; Guy Ziv. Economic valuation of ecosystem goods and services: a review for decision makers. Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy 2019, 8, 359 -378.
AMA StyleRobert Tinch, Nicola Beaumont, Tim Sunderland, Ece Ozdemiroglu, David Barton, Colm Bowe, Tobias Börger, Paul Burgess, Canon Nigel Cooper, Michela Faccioli, Pierre Failler, Ioanna Gkolemi, Ritesh Kumar, Alberto Longo, Alistair McVittie, Joe Morris, Jacob Park, Neil Ravenscroft, Marije Schaafsma, James Vause, Guy Ziv. Economic valuation of ecosystem goods and services: a review for decision makers. Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy. 2019; 8 (4):359-378.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert Tinch; Nicola Beaumont; Tim Sunderland; Ece Ozdemiroglu; David Barton; Colm Bowe; Tobias Börger; Paul Burgess; Canon Nigel Cooper; Michela Faccioli; Pierre Failler; Ioanna Gkolemi; Ritesh Kumar; Alberto Longo; Alistair McVittie; Joe Morris; Jacob Park; Neil Ravenscroft; Marije Schaafsma; James Vause; Guy Ziv. 2019. "Economic valuation of ecosystem goods and services: a review for decision makers." Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy 8, no. 4: 359-378.
Agroforestry, relative to conventional agriculture, contributes significantly to carbon sequestration, increases a range of regulating ecosystem services, and enhances biodiversity. Using a transdisciplinary approach, we combined scientific and technical knowledge to evaluate nine environmental pressures in terms of ecosystem services in European farmland and assessed the carbon storage potential of suitable agroforestry systems, proposed by regional experts. First, regions with potential environmental pressures were identified with respect to soil health (soil erosion by water and wind, low soil organic carbon), water quality (water pollution by nitrates, salinization by irrigation), areas affected by climate change (rising temperature), and by underprovision in biodiversity (pollination and pest control pressures, loss of soil biodiversity). The maps were overlaid to identify areas where several pressures accumulate. In total, 94.4% of farmlands suffer from at least one environmental pressure, pastures being less affected than arable lands. Regional hotspots were located in north-western France, Denmark, Central Spain, north and south-western Italy, Greece, and eastern Romania. The 10% of the area with the highest number of accumulated pressures were defined as Priority Areas, where the implementation of agroforestry could be particularly effective. In a second step, European agroforestry experts were asked to propose agroforestry practices suitable for the Priority Areas they were familiar with, and identified 64 different systems covering a wide range of practices. These ranged from hedgerows on field boundaries to fast growing coppices or scattered single tree systems. Third, for each proposed system, the carbon storage potential was assessed based on data from the literature and the results were scaled-up to the Priority Areas. As expected, given the wide range of agroforestry practices identified, the carbon sequestration potentials ranged between 0.09 and 7.29 t C ha−1 a−1. Implementing agroforestry on the Priority Areas could lead to a sequestration of 2.1 to 63.9 million t C a−1 (7.78 and 234.85 million t CO2eq a−1) depending on the type of agroforestry. This corresponds to between 1.4 and 43.4% of European agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Moreover, promoting agroforestry in the Priority Areas would contribute to mitigate the environmental pressures identified there. We conclude that the strategic and spatially targeted establishment of agroforestry systems could provide an effective means of meeting EU policy objectives on GHG emissions whilst providing a range of other important benefits.
Sonja Kay; Carlo Rega; Gerardo Moreno; Michael Den Herder; João H.N. Palma; Robert Borek; Josep Crous-Duran; Dirk Freese; Michail Giannitsopoulos; Anil Graves; Mareike Jäger; Norbert Lamersdorf; Daniyar Memedemin; María R Osa Mosquera-Losada; Anastasia Pantera; Maria Luisa Paracchini; Pierluigi Paris; José V. Roces-Díaz; Victor Rolo; Adolfo Rosati; Mignon Sandor; Jo Smith; Erich Szerencsits; Anna Varga; Valérie Viaud; Rafal Wawer; Paul J. Burgess; Felix Herzog. Agroforestry creates carbon sinks whilst enhancing the environment in agricultural landscapes in Europe. Land Use Policy 2019, 83, 581 -593.
AMA StyleSonja Kay, Carlo Rega, Gerardo Moreno, Michael Den Herder, João H.N. Palma, Robert Borek, Josep Crous-Duran, Dirk Freese, Michail Giannitsopoulos, Anil Graves, Mareike Jäger, Norbert Lamersdorf, Daniyar Memedemin, María R Osa Mosquera-Losada, Anastasia Pantera, Maria Luisa Paracchini, Pierluigi Paris, José V. Roces-Díaz, Victor Rolo, Adolfo Rosati, Mignon Sandor, Jo Smith, Erich Szerencsits, Anna Varga, Valérie Viaud, Rafal Wawer, Paul J. Burgess, Felix Herzog. Agroforestry creates carbon sinks whilst enhancing the environment in agricultural landscapes in Europe. Land Use Policy. 2019; 83 ():581-593.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSonja Kay; Carlo Rega; Gerardo Moreno; Michael Den Herder; João H.N. Palma; Robert Borek; Josep Crous-Duran; Dirk Freese; Michail Giannitsopoulos; Anil Graves; Mareike Jäger; Norbert Lamersdorf; Daniyar Memedemin; María R Osa Mosquera-Losada; Anastasia Pantera; Maria Luisa Paracchini; Pierluigi Paris; José V. Roces-Díaz; Victor Rolo; Adolfo Rosati; Mignon Sandor; Jo Smith; Erich Szerencsits; Anna Varga; Valérie Viaud; Rafal Wawer; Paul J. Burgess; Felix Herzog. 2019. "Agroforestry creates carbon sinks whilst enhancing the environment in agricultural landscapes in Europe." Land Use Policy 83, no. : 581-593.
The study assessed the economic performance of marketable ecosystem services (ES) (biomass production) and non-marketable ecosystem services and dis-services (groundwater, nutrient loss, soil loss, carbon sequestration, pollination deficit) in 11 contrasting European landscapes dominated by agroforestry land use compared to business as usual agricultural practice. The productivity and profitability of the farming activities and the associated ES were quantified using environmental modelling and economic valuation. After accounting for labour and machinery costs the financial value of the outputs of Mediterranean agroforestry systems tended to be greater than the corresponding agricultural system; but in Atlantic and Continental regions the agricultural system tended to be more profitable. However, when economic values for the associated ES were included, the relative profitability of agroforestry increased. Agroforestry landscapes: (i) were associated to reduced externalities of pollution from nutrient and soil losses, and (ii) generated additional benefits from carbon capture and storage and thus generated an overall higher economic gain. Our findings underline how a market system that includes the values of broader ES would result in land use change favouring multifunctional agroforestry. Imposing penalties for dis-services or payments for services would reflect their real world prices and would make agroforestry a more financially profitable system.
Sonja Kay; Anil Graves; João H.N. Palma; Gerardo Moreno; Jose V. Roces-Díaz; Stéphanie Aviron; Dimitrios Chouvardas; Josep Crous-Duran; Nuria Ferreiro-Domínguez; Silvestre García de Jalón; Vlad Măcicăşan; María R Osa Mosquera-Losada; Anastasia Pantera; Jose Javier Santiago-Freijanes; Erich Szerencsits; Mario Torralba; Paul Burgess; Felix Herzog. Agroforestry is paying off – Economic evaluation of ecosystem services in European landscapes with and without agroforestry systems. Ecosystem Services 2019, 36, 100896 .
AMA StyleSonja Kay, Anil Graves, João H.N. Palma, Gerardo Moreno, Jose V. Roces-Díaz, Stéphanie Aviron, Dimitrios Chouvardas, Josep Crous-Duran, Nuria Ferreiro-Domínguez, Silvestre García de Jalón, Vlad Măcicăşan, María R Osa Mosquera-Losada, Anastasia Pantera, Jose Javier Santiago-Freijanes, Erich Szerencsits, Mario Torralba, Paul Burgess, Felix Herzog. Agroforestry is paying off – Economic evaluation of ecosystem services in European landscapes with and without agroforestry systems. Ecosystem Services. 2019; 36 ():100896.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSonja Kay; Anil Graves; João H.N. Palma; Gerardo Moreno; Jose V. Roces-Díaz; Stéphanie Aviron; Dimitrios Chouvardas; Josep Crous-Duran; Nuria Ferreiro-Domínguez; Silvestre García de Jalón; Vlad Măcicăşan; María R Osa Mosquera-Losada; Anastasia Pantera; Jose Javier Santiago-Freijanes; Erich Szerencsits; Mario Torralba; Paul Burgess; Felix Herzog. 2019. "Agroforestry is paying off – Economic evaluation of ecosystem services in European landscapes with and without agroforestry systems." Ecosystem Services 36, no. : 100896.
The successful promotion of agroforestry in Italy depends on both a recognition of tradition and the opportunities for innovation. In Italy, agroforestry has traditionally been a key component of landscape management. Complex systems, based on the integration among crops–livestock–fruit/forest trees, provided a wide variety of products (e.g. food, feed, fibers, fuelwood and timber) and other ecosystem services (e.g. soil erosion control and biodiversity preservation). Silvopastoral systems have been used for centuries and are still managed in marginal areas. The integration of fruits trees (in primis olive trees) with crops and grazing was widely practiced and is still profitable. Coltura promiscua was historically developed integrating fruit and forest trees and particularly multifunctional trees (e.g. Juglans regia L. and Prunus avium L.) to support vines and intercrops. Building on recent research, projects have also focused on innovation in agroforestry. The adoption of shade tolerant forage species and crops has been studied in silvopastoral and olive systems. Silvopastoral systems can significantly offset the greenhouse gas emissions produced by livestock and shield grazing animals from “heat waves”. Integration of fast growing timber trees (like Populus) in arable systems can help reverse the decline in plantation forestry in Italy. Finally, the constraints imposed by the EU agricultural policy, especially the prevalent provisions for monocrops severely limiting the introduction of innovative agroforestry approaches, are discussed. New political measures and certification actions are strongly required.
Pierluigi Paris; Francesca Camilli; Adolfo Rosati; Alberto Mantino; Giustino Mezzalira; Cristina Dalla Valle; Antonello Franca; Giovanna Seddaiu; Andrea Pisanelli; Marco Lauteri; Antonio Brunori; Giovanni Antonio Re; Federico Sanna; Giorgio Ragaglini; Marcello Mele; Viviana Ferrario; Paul J. Burgess. What is the future for agroforestry in Italy? Agroforestry Systems 2019, 93, 2243 -2256.
AMA StylePierluigi Paris, Francesca Camilli, Adolfo Rosati, Alberto Mantino, Giustino Mezzalira, Cristina Dalla Valle, Antonello Franca, Giovanna Seddaiu, Andrea Pisanelli, Marco Lauteri, Antonio Brunori, Giovanni Antonio Re, Federico Sanna, Giorgio Ragaglini, Marcello Mele, Viviana Ferrario, Paul J. Burgess. What is the future for agroforestry in Italy? Agroforestry Systems. 2019; 93 (6):2243-2256.
Chicago/Turabian StylePierluigi Paris; Francesca Camilli; Adolfo Rosati; Alberto Mantino; Giustino Mezzalira; Cristina Dalla Valle; Antonello Franca; Giovanna Seddaiu; Andrea Pisanelli; Marco Lauteri; Antonio Brunori; Giovanni Antonio Re; Federico Sanna; Giorgio Ragaglini; Marcello Mele; Viviana Ferrario; Paul J. Burgess. 2019. "What is the future for agroforestry in Italy?" Agroforestry Systems 93, no. 6: 2243-2256.
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica) is a nutritious green vegetable containing desirable phytochemicals that is being more widely consumed in Pakistan. However the florets rapidly discolour and wilt after harvest. This study reports the changes in the colour, turgor, weight, visual quality and chlorophyll of harvested broccoli florets after harvest under ambient temperatures of 18 ± 1 °C and a relative humidity of 45–62%. There were significant declines in colour, turgor, weight and chlorophyll within the first two days, with a change from “good” to “unacceptable” assessments occurring at day 4 or 5. The level of chlorophyll decreased from 13.47 μg/ mg on day 1 to 5.18 μg/ mg on day 4. It is proposed that the green colour and turgor can be retained longer by storing at lower temperatures and higher relative humidities.
Muhammad Shakeel; Salik Nawaz Khan; Yasar Saleem; Paul J. Burgess; Shazia Shafiq. Colour, water and chlorophyll loss in harvested broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica) under ambient conditions in Pakistan. Scientia Horticulturae 2018, 246, 858 -861.
AMA StyleMuhammad Shakeel, Salik Nawaz Khan, Yasar Saleem, Paul J. Burgess, Shazia Shafiq. Colour, water and chlorophyll loss in harvested broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica) under ambient conditions in Pakistan. Scientia Horticulturae. 2018; 246 ():858-861.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Shakeel; Salik Nawaz Khan; Yasar Saleem; Paul J. Burgess; Shazia Shafiq. 2018. "Colour, water and chlorophyll loss in harvested broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica) under ambient conditions in Pakistan." Scientia Horticulturae 246, no. : 858-861.
Paul J. Burgess; Adolfo Rosati. Correction to: Advances in European agroforestry: results from the AGFORWARD project. Agroforestry Systems 2018, 93, 1207 -1207.
AMA StylePaul J. Burgess, Adolfo Rosati. Correction to: Advances in European agroforestry: results from the AGFORWARD project. Agroforestry Systems. 2018; 93 (3):1207-1207.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaul J. Burgess; Adolfo Rosati. 2018. "Correction to: Advances in European agroforestry: results from the AGFORWARD project." Agroforestry Systems 93, no. 3: 1207-1207.
In a world dominated by linear economic systems, the road to improving resource use is multi-faceted. Whilst public and private organisations are making progress in introducing sustainable practices, we ask ourselves the extent to which education providers are contributing to the circular economy. As engines for skills and knowledge, universities play a primary role in propelling circular economy approaches into reality and, as such, hold the potential for raising the bar on sustainable performance. A rapid evidence assessment (REA) was therefore undertaken to examine the interactions between university estate management and the circular economy. This assessment identified six pertinent themes: campus sustainability, the hidden curriculum, environmental governance, local impact, university material flows, and the role of universities as catalysts for business and examined 70 publications. A second part of the study reviewed the environmental activities of 50 universities ranked highly in terms of their environmental credentials or their environmental science courses. The results are presented and then discussed in terms of how universities can affect material flows, promote sustainability outside of the formal curriculum, and act as catalysts with business. The economic significance of universities provides an appreciable demand for circular products and services. Universities should develop “hidden curriculum” plans to promote improved environmental behaviours of staff and students. Universities can also catalyse a circular economy by working with business to improve eco-effectiveness as well as eco-efficiency. For example, projects should extend the focus from decreasing carbon footprint to achieving carbon positivity, from improving water efficiency to treating wastewater, and from recycling to reverse logistics for repurposing. Pilot projects arising from such work could provide valuable research bases and consultancy opportunities.
Ben Tirone Nunes; Simon J. T. Pollard; Paul J. Burgess; Gareth Ellis; Irel Carolina De Los Rios; Fiona Charnley. University Contributions to the Circular Economy: Professing the Hidden Curriculum. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2719 .
AMA StyleBen Tirone Nunes, Simon J. T. Pollard, Paul J. Burgess, Gareth Ellis, Irel Carolina De Los Rios, Fiona Charnley. University Contributions to the Circular Economy: Professing the Hidden Curriculum. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (8):2719.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBen Tirone Nunes; Simon J. T. Pollard; Paul J. Burgess; Gareth Ellis; Irel Carolina De Los Rios; Fiona Charnley. 2018. "University Contributions to the Circular Economy: Professing the Hidden Curriculum." Sustainability 10, no. 8: 2719.
Agroforestry is a sustainable land management system that should be more strongly promoted in Europe to ensure adequate ecosystem service provision in the old continent (Decision 529/2013) through the common agricultural policy (CAP). The promotion of the woody component in Europe can be appreciated in different sections of the CAP linked to Pillar I (direct payments and Greening) and Pillar II (rural development programs). However, agroforestry is not recognised as such in the CAP, with the exception of the Measure 8.2 of Pillar II. The lack of recognition of agroforestry practices within the different sections of the CAP reduces the impact of CAP activities by overlooking the optimum combinations that would maximise the productivity of land where agroforestry could be promoted, considering both the spatial and temporal scales.
M. R. Mosquera-Losada; J. J. Santiago-Freijanes; A. Pisanelli; M. Rois-Díaz; J. Smith; M. Den Herder; Gerardo Moreno; Nuria Ferreiro-Domínguez; N. Malignier; N. Lamersdorf; F. Balaguer; A. Pantera; Antonio Rigueiro-Rodríguez; J. A. Aldrey; M. P. González-Hernández; Juan Luis Fernández-Lorenzo; R. Romero-Franco; Paul Burgess. Agroforestry in the European common agricultural policy. Agroforestry Systems 2018, 92, 1117 -1127.
AMA StyleM. R. Mosquera-Losada, J. J. Santiago-Freijanes, A. Pisanelli, M. Rois-Díaz, J. Smith, M. Den Herder, Gerardo Moreno, Nuria Ferreiro-Domínguez, N. Malignier, N. Lamersdorf, F. Balaguer, A. Pantera, Antonio Rigueiro-Rodríguez, J. A. Aldrey, M. P. González-Hernández, Juan Luis Fernández-Lorenzo, R. Romero-Franco, Paul Burgess. Agroforestry in the European common agricultural policy. Agroforestry Systems. 2018; 92 (4):1117-1127.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. R. Mosquera-Losada; J. J. Santiago-Freijanes; A. Pisanelli; M. Rois-Díaz; J. Smith; M. Den Herder; Gerardo Moreno; Nuria Ferreiro-Domínguez; N. Malignier; N. Lamersdorf; F. Balaguer; A. Pantera; Antonio Rigueiro-Rodríguez; J. A. Aldrey; M. P. González-Hernández; Juan Luis Fernández-Lorenzo; R. Romero-Franco; Paul Burgess. 2018. "Agroforestry in the European common agricultural policy." Agroforestry Systems 92, no. 4: 1117-1127.