Tomato is a vegetable crop with probiotic interest. Currently subject to a global biosecurity emergency due to the epidemic caused by COVID-19, humanity is seeking to maintain its health and become stronger by eating vegetables that have probiotic properties. Considering the request of tomato farmers in the Comarca Lagunera (CL) region, the objective of this work consisted of determining the impact of bioinoculation with Azospirillum brasilense (Ab) and solarized manure (M) on the yield and phytochemical quality of tomato fruits produced in shade mesh. Seeds of the saladette variety TOP 2299 were inoculated with Ab at 1 × 10⁸ CFU^.mL. Before 46 days after being sowed, seedlings were transplanted in soil enriched with manure solarized at a rate of 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 t ha⁻¹; a chemical fertilization (CHF) treatment was also adopted (366-95-635). Emergence, growth, root length, bromatological studies (protein and lipids in plant), yield and organoleptic (Vit C, phenols, flavonoids and lycopene) variables were considered. The results show that biofertilization based on Ab + M40 can be an alternative to produce tomato in shade-house conditions in the CL compared with non-inoculated and CHF treatments.

In the communities of Sierra Mojada and Viesca, Coahuila, Mexico of Coahuila desert, two rhizosphere samplings of candelilla (Euphorbia antisyphilitica Zucc) were collected to isolate, characterize, and identifying plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR); 165 rhizobacteria were tested in vitro with Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings to evaluate their potential as plant growth promoters, and obtaining 21 strains with best results in the variables of the number of secondary roots and fresh weight concerning the uninoculated control. Their salinity tolerance was evaluated at concentrations from 0.85 M, 1.7 M and 2.55 M of NaCl. Biochemical tests were accomplishing such as siderophores production, phosphates solubilization, production of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and the activity of the ACC deaminase enzyme. The results obtained from 21 strains selected, high activities were obtained in organic substances like a siderophores since they developed a translucent orange halo around their growth; four rhizobacteria developed a clear halo around the bacterial growth with a thickness between 1.487 mm ± 0.667 mm and 5.267 mm ± 0.704 mm in phosphates solubilization; in the production of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the bacterial strains showed the presence of this phytohormone, with values ​​from 4.444 μg mL-1 to 19.286 μg mL-1; and according to the activity of the ACC deaminase enzyme, values ​​from 0.424 to 1.306 µmol α-KB/h/mg Pr were showed. 16S rRNA sequencing was carried out and genus identified were Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Cronobacter and Siccibacter. The results obtained show the potential of the isolated rhizobacteria as growth promoters and the increase in the biomass of the Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings is evident. This is a first indication to proceed to carry out tests in different phenological stages in crops of agricultural importance.

Soil salinity imposes a critical constraint on plant productivity, highlighting the need for sustainable biological strategies to enhance stress tolerance. This study assessed the effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by ten plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolated from the rhizosphere of Euphorbia antisyphilitica on the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings exposed to 0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl. A divided Petri dish system was used to quantify biomass, root architecture, proline accumulation, sodium content, and chlorophyll concentration. Three strains—Siccibacter colletis CASEcto12, Enterobacter quasihormaechei NFbEcto18, and Bacillus wiedmannii NFbEndo12—significantly enhanced seedling development under saline and non-saline conditions (p ≤ 0.05). At 50 mM NaCl, S. colletis CASEcto12 increased primary root length from 40.25 to 64.81 mm and fresh weight from 45.05 to 133.33 mg, while E. quasihormaechei NFbEcto18 elevated lateral root number from 10 to 24, compared to the uninoculated control. Under 100 mM NaCl, E. quasihormaechei NFbEcto18 increased proline accumulation (0.564–1.378 mmol g⁻¹ FW) and reduced Na⁺ content (0.146–0.084 mmol g⁻¹ FW), indicating improved osmotic and ionic regulation. VOC profiling using SPME-GC-MS revealed aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols as predominant classes. Overall, these findings demonstrate the potential of candelilla-associated PGPR VOCs as promising biostimulants for enhancing plant performance in salt-affected soils.

Chitosan in pearls and acidic pH (Q) has the ability to adsorb arsenic (As) from water. The Q could adsorb the As found in the soil solution. The objective of this research was to evaluate the chelating capacity of Q adjusted to acidic and neutral pH to decrease the concentration of soluble As in two Fluvisols. To carry out the experiment, Q was conditioned at two pH (5 and 7) with the addition of sulfuric acid and Q was left untreated for use as a control. Four treatments were tested (soils without Q, with untreated Q, with Q adjusted to pH 5 and with Q adjusted to pH 7). Each treatment was conducted in quadruplicate, making 16 experimental units for each soil. Each experimental unit consisted of 500 g of soil packed in a plastic bag, to which a phosphate fertilizer (200 mg kg‑1) was added and brought to field capacity, leaving it to stand for 48 h. Upon completion of the resting time, 0.063 g of Q of the corresponding treatment and its respective replicate were added to each bag, leaving them in incubation for 48 h at a temperature of 25 °C. The experimental design used was completely random. To the soils, the soluble As content was determined by an extraction with deionized water and the extracted was measured by the method of atomic absorption spectrophotometry with hydride generation. The data was subjected to an analysis of variance and a test of means (Tukey, P ≤ 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan adjusted with sulfuric acid at pH 5, (QpH5) adsorbed the greatest amount of soluble As (640%). Which represents an alternative for the recovery of soils contaminated with As.

The development of three cotton varieties was evaluated through the growth analysis technique. Study varieties were two of normal leaf (Cian Precoz and NuCotton 35B) and the other of okra leaf (Fiber Max 832). Vegetative and reproductive samplings effected at different days after planting (dap) allowed us to determine the (1) growth dynamics, (2) production efficiency and (3) the biomass distribution of the three cotton varieties. Seeding was conducted following the production system of narrow rows (0.76m, between rows; 0.20m between plants) to obtain a plant density of 65500 plants/ha. Varieties were distributed in a random block experimental design with six replicates. At four different dates (69, 82, 105 and 120 dap) two plants per plot were obtained to get the data of leaf area, total dry weight and dry weight of both vegetative and reproductive organs. Growth indexes such as crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area index (LAI), leaf area ratio (LAR), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf weight ratio (LWR) were estimated with the data obtained. Results showed that the study varieties statistically differed in the production rate and the indicators of the magnitude of the photosynthetic apparatus (LAR and SLA). Samplings also differed in biomass distribution.