The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly affected mental health worldwide, highlighting the need for reliable tools to assess emotional impact (cognitive-psysiological repercusiones) and coping strategies. To validate the psychometric properties of an evaluation instrument with an ad hoc design, called the Evaluation Inventory of Cognitive-Physiological Repercussions and Coping Strategies in a Pandemic Situation (EICPCP), which has two scales: “Cognitive and Physiological repercussions arising from the pandemic due to COVID-19” (RCFPC19-13) and “Coping strategies during the pandemic due to COVID-19” (EAPC19-15). A total of 1,629 participants (students, teachers, and healthcare professionals) from Spain and Colombia completed the instrument. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to assess their structure and reliability. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the five proposed dimensions: cognitive and physiological impacts on the RCFPC19-13 scale, and adaptation, support, and organization on the EAPC19-15 scale. In addition, satisfactory internal consistency, reliability indices, and temporal stability were obtained for both scales. The EICPCP is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating the cognitive-physiological impact of the pandemic and coping strategies employed. This instrument provides valuable insights for clinical research and psychological interventions in pandemic-related mental-health studies..

Background/Objectives: According to the World Health Organization, more than one million deaths each year are attributable to bacterial resistance, making it one of today’s main public health threats that could cause up to 10 million deaths by 2050. In this study, antibiotic prescription rates at primary healthcare centers) within Castile and Leon are analyzed over the period 2013–2023, and some of the sociodemographic variables that might influence the prescription of antibiotics are determined. Methods: A descriptive, observational, ecological study was conducted based on data gathered by Concylia (pharmaceutical information system—Castile and Leon Health Service). Comparable variables (time of prescription and type of health center) and variables of results (Defined Daily Doses per 1000 health center card-holders per day and qualitative antibiotic selection variables) were analyzed. Results: During the first years under analysis, prescription rates increased, followed by a reduction at the start of 2015 that continued up until 2021. Another rise was then recorded, and prescriptions once again reached values in 2023 that were comparable to those observed in 2019 (17.62 and 17.45 Defined Daily Doses per 1000 health center card-holders per day). Throughout Castile and Leon as a whole, there were more prescriptions within urban areas; but when analyzed by provinces, prescriptions were mainly higher in rural areas within most provinces. The percentage of macrolides was higher in urban areas, whereas the percentage of fluoroquinolones was higher in rural areas. Conclusions: The variation was repeated throughout the period under study in a similar way in all the provinces of Castile and Leon and at a national level. Different prescription rates were observed by province within the autonomous region. Moreover, higher prescription rates were observed in the rural areas of most provinces. The data source did not allow linking prescriptions to diagnoses, limiting interpretation.

Background/Objectives: According to the World Health Organization, bacterial resistance is one of the main threats to public health and could within a short time become the principal cause of death. This study proposes to study antibiotic prescription rates at Basic Health Centres (BHC) within Castile and Leon over the period 2013-2023, and to determine which sociodemographic variables might influence the prescription of antibiotics. Methods: A descriptive, observational, ecological study was conducted on the basis of data provided by Concylia (Pharmaceutical information system-Castile & Leon Health Service). Comparable variables (time of prescription and type of Health Centre) and variables of results (Defined Daily Dose per 1000 health-center card-holders per day and qualitative antibiotic selection variables) were analyzed. Results: During the first years under analysis, prescriptions increased, followed by a reduction at the start of 2015 that continued up until 2021, after which a new increase was recorded and they once again reached values in 2023 that were comparable to those observed in 2019. Throughout all of Castile and Leon, there were more prescriptions within urban areas; but when analyzed by provinces, prescriptions were mainly higher in rural areas within most provinces. The percentage of macrolides was higher in urban areas, whereas the percentage of fluoroquinolones was higher in rural areas. Conclusions: The variation was repeated throughout the period under study in a similar way in all the provinces of Castile and Leon and at a national level. Differences were observed in prescriptions between the provinces of the autonomous region. Higher prescriptions rates were observed in the rural areas of most provinces.