Traditional approaches to welder training demand substantial investments in equipment, consumable materials, and workshop facilities, while also exposing novice learners to considerable safety risks. This study investigates the effectiveness of a virtual reality (VR)-based welding training system developed with Unity for the Meta Quest 2 platform, designed to deliver safe and immersive instruction in fundamental welding techniques. A total of twenty participants with no prior welding experience completed structured VR training sessions over two weeks. The program focused on developing competencies in welding machine operation (including start-up procedures and parameter adjustments), controlling shielding gas flow, and accurately regulating torch-to-workpiece distance, torch angle, and travel speed. Real-time feedback was integrated into the system to support accurate control and positioning of the welding torch. Quantitative assessments demonstrated significant improvements in both technical proficiency and trainee confidence and anxiety levels. Knowledge test scores increased from 45.3 to 85.1, while machine adjustment accuracy rose from 28.7 to 92.3. In parallel, participant confidence levels increased substantially, and anxiety scores decreased from 4.0–4.5 to 1.1–1.5 on standardized scales. These findings provide experimental evidence that VR-based training can enhance fundamental welding education by offering a safe, repeatable, and effective practice environment that simultaneously improves technical performance, strengthens learner confidence, and reduces training-related anxiety.

Eksenel akılı sabit mıknatıslı senkron motor (EASMSM) ve outrunner sabit mıknatıslı senkron motor (ORSMSM) sıklıkla kullanılan döner tip motor çeşitleridir. Elektrik motorları için vuruntu torkunun istenmeyen bir çıktıdır. Yüksek devirlerde çalışırken vuruntu torku eylemsizlik momenti sayesinde önemli bir problem olmamasına rağmen, düşük devirlerde vuruntu torku üstesinden gelinmesi gereken bir ciddi sorundur. Özellikle bir uydu üzerindeki güneş panellerinin hareketi için vuruntu torku en aza indirilmelidir. Vuruntu torku sürekli mıknatıslı senkron motorların tasarımında çok önemli bir unsur olduğundan dolayı, bu çalışmada sadece vuruntu torkuna odaklanılmıştır. Bu amaçla, elektromanyetik analiz programında tasarlanan modeller vuruntu torkuna göre karşılaştırılmıştır. Böylece en az vuruntu torku istenen uygulamalar için ne tip motorun tercih edilmesi gerektiği gösterilmiştir.

In this paper, a virtual positive impedance (VPI) based active damping control for a slim DC-link motor drive with 24 section space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is proposed. Utilizing the proposed control and modulation strategy can improve the input of current total harmonic distortion (THD) while maintaining the cogging torque of the motor. The proposed system is expected to reduce the front-end current THD according to international standards, as per IEC 61000 and IEEE-519. It is also expected to achieve lower cost, longer lifetime, and fewer losses. A permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is fed by the inverter, which adopts the 24 section SVPWM technique. The VPI based active damping control for the slim DC-link drive with/without the 24 section SVPWM are compared to confirm the performance of the proposed method. The simulation results based on MATLAB are provided to validate the proposed control strategy.

This paper presents speed control analysis of an induction motor by a 6-switched 3-level inverter. In the analysis of topology, the study used the field oriented control technique which is widely used in the literature, easy and stable for operating systems. The field weaking technique was used for speeds exceeding nominal speed to reduce magnetic saturation and thermal losses. At the end of the process, it was observed to increase motor torque and inverter efficiency. Instead of using 12 switches in conventional 3-level inverters, 6 switches are used in this topology. Reduced number of switches is the greatest contribution of this study.

This article presents the theoretical analysis of limited angle torque motors (LATM), numerical modeling for 4-pole types and the effect of various dimensions on motor performance. First, the magnetic equivalent circuit model and equations of the LATM are defined and the motor torque expression for 4 poles is established. Then AHP, a decision-making tool, is used as a reference to determine the best LATM design parameters. The cogging torque, constant torque region and peak torque value of the motor at the lower and upper values of the obtained design parameters are analyzed in the finite element analysis environment. The transient analysis of the best design considering certain limitations is performed and the operating performance is analyzed in no-load condition. With the proposed model, the torque of the 4-pole limited angle torque motor in the constant torque region is obtained at 95% of the peak torque. This value is verified by finite element analysis.