The increasing prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) related admissions poses a significant burden on the healthcare systems globally. However, data regarding the predictors of healthcare resou... This study showed that the hospital length of stay and recurrent episodes can be predicted in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).Multimorbidity, male gender, newly developed T2DM, anaemia, h...

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was once known to be specific to type-1 diabetes-mellitus (T1D); however, many cases are now seen in patients with type-2 diabetes-mellitus (T2D). Little is known about how this etiology shift affects DKA's outcomes. Methods: We studied consecutive index DKA admissions from January 2015 to March 2021. Descriptive analyses were performed based on pre-existing T1D and T2D (PT1D and PT2D, respectively) and newly diagnosed T1D and T2D (NT1D and NT2D, respectively). Results: Of the 922 patients, 480 (52%) had T1D, of which 69% had PT1D and 31% NT1D, whereas 442 (48%) had T2D, of which 60% had PT2D and 40% NT2D. The mean age was highest in PT2D (47.6 ± 13.1 years) and lowest in PT1D (27.3 ± 0.5 years) (P < 0.001). Patients in all groups were predominantly male except in the PT1D group (55% females) (P < 0.001). Most patients were Arabic (76% in PT1D, 51.4% in NT1D, 46.6% in PT2D) except for NT2D, which mainly comprised Asians (53%) (P < 0.001). Patients with NT2D had the longest hospital length of stay (LOS) (6.8 ± 11.3 days) (P < 0.001), longest DKA duration (26.6 ± 21.1 h) (P < 0.001), and more intensive-care unit (ICU) admissions (31.2%) (P < 0.001). Patients with PT1D had the shortest LOS (2.5 ± 3.5 days) (P < 0.001), DKA duration (18.9 ± 4.2 h) (P < 0.001), and lowest ICU admissions (16.6%) (P < 0.001). Conclusions/interpretation: We presented the largest regional data on differences in DKA based on the type and duration of diabetes- mellitus (DM), showing that T2D is becoming an increasing cause of DKA, with worse clinical outcomes (especially newly diagnosed T2D) compared to T1D.

Waail Mohammed Rozi, Alaa Rahhal, Elrazi A Ali, Abdulrahman Fadhl Al-Mashdali, Yousef Hilan, Ibrahim Khamees, Liam J Fernyhough, Mohamed A Yassin; Direct Oral A

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a virus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since the first pandemic wave, SARS-CoV-2 had developed significant changes and mutations that resulted in the emergence of different strains. Each strain varies in its virulence and disease severity. Most reports have shown that the Omicron variant causes mild illness. Little is known about the impact of Omicron in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. We present patients with chronic myeloid leukemia who had infection with the Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 and their outcomes. Retrospective data from the records of the National Center for Cancer Care and Research from December 20, 2021, to January 30, 2022. Participants were adults over the age of 18 years with Omicron infection who had been diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia according to World Health Organization classifications from 2008 and 2016. Eleven patients with chronic myeloid leukemia had Omicron infection. All patients had a mild disease according to the World Health Organization classification of COVID-19 severity. The majority of patients were young males. In patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, infection with the Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 usually results in mild disease not requiring hospitalization.

Hemoglobin S (HBS) and hemoglobin E (HBE) are common hemoglobinopathies, but combined heterozygosity of HBS and HBE (HBSE) is relatively a rare disease. Most reports suggest that HBSE is generally benign condition. In this report we describe a 17-year-old male patient presenting with acute chest syndrome treated with exchange transfusion.

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is considered the largest pandemic in modern history. Since the first case was reported in 2019, several mutations have affected the severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), resulting in the emergence of new strains. These strains vary significantly in severity and transmissibility. The Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant was reported to cause mild disease in those affected, but little is known about the effect of Omicron on patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We are reporting a case series of three patients with CLL who experienced infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and their outcomes.