Purpose: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to construct a novel nomogram model for predicting the risk of HCC in patients with HBV infection. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed clinical data from healthcare databases in Xiamen, encompassing 5161 adults with HBV infection without HCC and 2819 adults with HBV-related HCC between January 2016 and December 2020. Subsequently, the patients were randomly divided into a training set (n=5586) and testing set (n=2394). The training set was used to identify the risk factors for HCC development and to construct an HCC risk prediction nomogram model. The predictive accuracy of the model was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) in both sets. Furthermore, the performance of the nomogram model was compared with that of the existing models. Results: Multivariate analysis revealed that age, sex, liver cirrhosis, neutrophil/platelet count ratio (NLR), serum bilirubin (TBIL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum albumin (ALB), serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and HBV DNA were independently associated with HCC. A nomogram model was developed by incorporating these risk factors. The the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the nomogram model were 0.897 and 0.902 for the training and testing sets, respectively. Analysis of the AUC demonstrated that the nomogram model exhibited significantly enhanced predictive performance for HCC compared to the alternative risk scores in both sets. Furthermore, DCA indicated that the nomogram model provided a broad range of threshold probabilities related to the net clinical benefits. A web-based calculator was developed(https://nomogram-model-hcc.shinyapps.io/DynNomapp/). Conclusion: The novel nomogram model, which includes age, sex, liver cirrhosis, NLR, TBIL, AST, ALB, AFP, and HBV DNA as factors, precisely predicts the risk of HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB) and outperforms the existing models.

Background Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) provides sustained high intrahepatic drug exposure with limited systemic toxicity, potentially enhancing antigen release and immune sensitization. This study compared the efficacy and safety of HAIC combined with lenvatinib and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors versus systemic chemotherapy-based triple therapy in advanced unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Methods A retrospective analysis of 67 patients with unresectable iCCA treated with HAIC-based triple therapy (n = 32) or systemic triple therapy (n = 35) was conducted. Clinical efficacy, survival, prognostic factors and safety profiles were evaluated. Baseline imbalances were adjusted using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses before and after IPTW assessed treatment effects on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results HAIC-based triple therapy achieved superior tumor control versus systemic therapy, with higher objective response rate (59.4 vs. 20.0%; P < 0.001), disease control rate (90.6 vs. 68.6%; P < 0.001), and tumor shrinkage (+ 6.5 vs. − 1.0 mm; P = 0.002). Local (93.8 vs. 66.7%; P = 0.006) and distant (90.3 vs. 72.7%; P = 0.071) control rates favored HAIC-based triple therapy. After IPTW adjustment, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that HAIC-based triple therapy significantly improved both OS (24.1 vs. 15.5 months; P = 0.010) and PFS (P = 0.020) compared to systemic therapy. In the IPTW-adjusted multivariate Cox regression analysis, HAIC-based triple therapy was associated with a markedly reduced risk of OS (HR [95% CI]: 0.221[0.070–0.693]) and PFS (HR[95% CI]: 0.129[0.028–0.592]). Toxicities were manageable, and immune-related adverse events correlated with reduced progression. Conclusion HAIC-based triple therapy provided superior tumor control, prolonged survival, and preserved hepatic function with acceptable safety in unresectable iCCA.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma in Xiamen and offer recommendations for its control and prevention. Methods: Data obtained from liver cancer screening in 2016-2018 and 2019-2020 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Xiamen were collected using Xiamen Healthcare Big Data Platform. Epidemiological characteristics were analyzed descriptively by different years. Results: From 2016-2020, there were 3740 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Xiamen. In the patients, the percentage of males was higher than that of females (83.13 % vs 16.87 %). From 2019-2020, there was an increase in the detection rates for disorders including hepatitis B, hypertension, diabetes, fatty liver and cirrhosis of the liver, and there was a decrease in the prevalence of hepatitis C. There was an increase in the values of all hematological indicators of infection in patients with liver cancer in 2019-2020 compared with the previous three years. From 2016-2020, there was a year-on-year increase in the prevalence of liver cancer and fatty liver. From 2018-2020, there was an increasing trend in the prevalence of liver cancer in overweight patients in the population with fatty liver. Conclusion: In 2019-2020, there was an increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Comprehensive liver cancer screening provides an important guide for the prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer and for clinicians to assess patients' condition.