Background: To study the impact of MRI characteristics and of targeted biopsy (TB) core number on the final grade group (GG) prediction. Materials and Methods: The cohort was 478 consecutive patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) after positive mpMRI (multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging) followed by fusion TB. Endpoints were the upgrading and concordance rates between TB and RP specimens. Results: Upgrading rate after TB was 40.6%. Patients with upgrading had lower PIRADS (Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System) scores (p < 0.001), smaller lesion size (p = 0.017), fewer TB cores (p < 0.001), and lower TB density (p = 0.015) compared with cases with grade concordance. There was a significant continuous improvement in upgrading rate when TB core number per lesion increased from 56.3% to 25.6% when <2 or ≥5 TB cores were taken, respectively (p = 0.002). The minimal TB number per lesion to reduce upgrading risk to approximately 30%was 4 in PIRADS 3, and 3 in PIRADS 4–5 cases. Conclusions: Grade group prediction by TB is significantly improved by higher PIRADS score, larger lesion size, and increased TB per lesion. At least four TB cores should be taken in PIRADS 3 score lesions, whereas three cores seem enough in PIRADS 4–5 cases to improve GG prediction and limit upgrading risk.

Background: After radical prostatectomy (RP), biochemical recurrence (BCR) is associated with an increased risk of developing distant metastasis and prostate cancer specific and overall mortality. Methods: The two-centre study included 521 consecutive patients undergoing RP for positive pre-biopsy magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pathologically proven prostate cancer (PCa), after which a combination scheme of fusion-targeted biopsy (TB) and systematic biopsy was performed. We assessed correlations between MRI characteristics, International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade group in TB, and outcomes after RP. We developed an imaging-based risk classification for improving BCR prediction. Results: Higher Prostate Imaging and Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score (p = 0.013), higher ISUP grade group in TB, and extracapsular extension (ECE) on the MRI were significantly associated with more advanced disease (pTstage), higher ISUP grade group (p = 0.001), regional lymph nodes metastasis in RP specimens (p < 0.001), and an increased risk of recurrence after surgery. A positive margin status was significantly associated with ECE-MRI (p < 0.001). Our imaging-based classification included ECE on MRI, ISUP grade group on TB, and PI-RADS accurately predicted BCR (AUC = 0.714, p < 0.001). This classification had more improved area under the curve (AUC) than the standard d’Amico classification in our population. Validation was performed in a two-centre cohort. Conclusions: In this cohort, PI-RADS score, MRI stage, and ISUP grade group in MRI-TB were significantly predictive for disease features and recurrence after RP. Imaging-based risk classification integrating these three factors competed with d’Amico classification for predicting BCR.

Upfront MRI is taking the lead in the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer, while few image-guided biopsies (IGBs) fail to demonstrate clinically significant prostate cancer. The added value of innovative biomarkers is not confirmed in this context. We analysed SelectMDx-v2 (MDx-2) in a cohort of upfront MRI and image-guided biopsy patients. Participants included patients who received a trans-rectal elastic-fusion registration IGB on the basis of DRE, PSA, PCA3, and PCPT-2.0 risk evaluation. Pre-biopsy MRI DICOM archives were reviewed according to PI-RADS-v2. Post-massage first-void urine samples stored in the institutional registered bio-repository were commercially addressed to MDxHealth to obtain MDx-2 scores. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted with the detection on IGB of high-grade (ISUP 2 and higher) as the dependent variable. High-grade cancer was demonstrated in 32/117 (27.4%) patients (8/2010–8/2018). Age, prostate volume, biopsy history, MDx-2, and PI-RADS-v2 scores significantly related to the detection of high-grade cancer. MDx-2 scores and the clinical variables embedded into MDx-2 scores were analysed in multivariate analysis to complement PI-RADS-v2 scores. The two combinations outperformed PI-RADS-v2 alone (AUC-ROC 0.67 vs. 0.73 and 0.80, respectively, p < 0.05) and calibration curves confirmed an adequate prediction. Similar discrimination (C-statistics, p = 0.22) was observed in the prediction of high-grade cancer, thereby questioning the respective inputs and added values of biomarkers and clinical predictors in MDx-2 scores. Based on the results of this study, we can conclude that instruments of prediction developed for systematic prostate biopsies, including those that incorporate innovative biomarkers, must be reassessed and eventually confirmed in the context of upfront MRI and IGB.