Digital transformation is important not only in the manufacturing sector but can also help service-based organizations to achieve competitive advantage. Therefore, this study has examined the impact of digital transformation on competitive advantage and the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation. Innovation capability is considered a moderator between digital transformation and competitive advantage. The data for the research were gathered from service companies in Jordan, and AMOS was utilized for the analysis. The results revealed that digital transformation not only influences competitive advantage but also affects entrepreneurial orientation. Entrepreneurial orientation significantly mediates the relationship between digital transformation and competitive advantage. In addition, innovation capabilities moderate the relationship between digital transformation, competitive advantage, and entrepreneurial orientation. Innovation, production, and operational managers as well as owners of service companies can use the results of this research as a guideline for policy-making in order to develop a competitive advantage.

The age of entrepreneurship calls for the evolving of learning and development (L&D) models to meet the dynamic demands of innovation, sustainability, and technology innovation. This study examines the trends and issues of L&D models for entrepreneurs, more so focusing on how these models influence business success in a rapidly changing global landscape. The research employs bibliometric analysis, VOSviewer cluster analysis, and co-citation analysis to explore the literature from 1994 to 2024. Data collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database reflect significant trends in entrepreneurial L&D, with particular emphasis on the use of digital tools, sustainability processes, and governance systems. Findings emphasize the imperative role of L&D in fostering entrepreneurship, more so in areas such as digital transformation and the adoption of new technologies. The study also identifies central regions propelling this field, such as UK and USA. Future studies will be centered on the role of digital technologies, innovation, and green business models within entrepreneurial L&D frameworks. This study provides useful insight into the future of L&D within the entrepreneurial domain, guiding academia and companies alike in the planning of effective learning strategies to foster innovation and sustainable business growth.