This study examines the role of the supply chain finance (SCF) ecosystem as an innovative financial framework in driving the high-quality development of rural industries. Using panel data from 31 Chinese provinces (2004–2022), we employ a fixed-effects model to analyze this relationship, confirming that the SCF ecosystem has a significant promoting effect. Mechanism analysis reveals that this positive effect operates primarily through two channels: enhancing rural industrial integration and stimulating technological innovation. Furthermore, we identify significant regional heterogeneity, with the most substantial positive spillover effects observed in the Southwest and South China. These results underscore the critical importance of the SCF ecosystem in rural revitalization and provide a basis for formulating regionally tailored financial policies.