Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, plays a crucial role in amplifying inflammatory responses, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis and progression of various inflammatory diseases. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the current understanding of TREM-1 signaling and its dysregulation in disease pathology. Additionally, it explores the prognostic significance of TREM-1 across a spectrum of conditions. Targeting TREM-1 signaling represents a promising therapeutic approach for managing a wide range of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and other inflammation-driven conditions. Previous reviews on TREM-1 have largely focused on its immunological role across diverse disease conditions and selective peptide-based inhibitors targeting its signaling pathway. However, recent discoveries have identified small-molecule modulators of TREM-1 that offer new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Incorporating these findings would provide a more comprehensive and updated perspective on TREM-1 biology, particularly regarding its molecular regulation, drug-target potential, and translational relevance in inflammatory and immune-mediated disorders. Advances in this field are expected to be driven by structure-based drug design, particularly in the development of TREM-1 inhibitors. However, further research is needed to elucidate the predictive value of TREM-1 alterations and to evaluate them in prospective human studies prior to clinical decision-making.

Recent advancements in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting have revolutionized the modeling of skin cancer, enabling the fabrication of high-throughput, patient-specific organoids that recapitulate the structural, functional, and microenvironmental complexity of native tumors. This review focuses on the integration of cutting-edge bioprinting technologies with bioengineered extracellular matrices and patient-derived cells to generate physiologically relevant skin cancer models for diagnostic and personalized medicine applications. Key technological innovations, including novel bioinks, multi-material printing strategies, and biomimetic approaches, are discussed for their ability to replicate tumor-stroma interactions, vascularization, and immune microenvironments. The utility of bioprinted organoids in high-throughput drug screening, mutation-targeted therapy design, and biomarker discovery is critically evaluated. Additionally, we address current challenges in standardization, reproducibility, and clinical translation, highlighting regulatory and quality-control considerations. Collectively, this review emphasizes the transformative potential of 3D bioprinted skin cancer organoids as platforms for precision oncology, bridging bioengineering advances with translational research to accelerate therapeutic development and personalized treatment strategies.

Introduction: Diarrhea remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under-five in developing countries. Mothers’ knowledge and practices play a critical role in early home management and prevention. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of mothers of under-five children regarding the prevention and management of diarrhea in Pune, India. Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 122 mothers attending the pediatric outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to diarrhea were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. Results: Most mothers (67.2%) correctly defined diarrhea, and nearly all (99.18%) identified contaminated water as a major cause. Awareness of ORS was high, with 95.9% knowing its correct preparation. However, only 28.7% recognized the role of zinc supplementation. Higher education, employment, and income were significantly associated with better knowledge ( p < 0.05), but not with practice scores. A weak positive correlation ( r = 0.34) was found between knowledge and practice. About 27% followed all three WHO-recommended home-based treatments (ORS, increased fluids, continued feeding), while 3% relied solely on antibiotics. Conclusion: Mothers demonstrated good awareness of diarrhea causes and ORS use but lacked adequate knowledge of zinc supplementation. Health education efforts should target these gaps to promote complete and evidence-based home management practices.

Background: Population growth has created a global dilemma, putting burden on economic, social, and ecological resources. Entada rheedii Spreng (ERS) seeds have many medicinal properties. In folkloric medicine, seeds are used as contraceptives, but no studies available. Aim: To evaluate antifertility potential of ERS seed kernel extract in female Wistar rats. Method: 90 Female Wistar rats with regular oestrus cycles and proven fertility were included. Methanol extract of ERS seed kernel was used in dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg by oral route. Part I-Reproductive outcome rats were kept for mating after 8 days’ initial drug treatment which continued for 21 days, number of litters was measured. Mothers were observed for regain of fertility and pubs for teratogenicity. Part II-Animals kept for mating followed by 7 days’ drug treatment, Laparotomy done on the 10th day, number of implants checked and after delivery litter size counted. Part-III Abortifacient effect rats kept for mating. Laparotomy done on day 10, drug treatment was given for 21 days and again laparotomy was done and resorption of implants was measured. Blood withdrawal done from the rats of reproductive outcome for hormonal estimation. Data analyzed with Graph Pad Prism 6. Results: The control rats showed a significant increase in litter numbers compared to treated animal in both the doses of ERS low (P < 0.001) and high (P < 0.001). Pubs appeared normal and reversal of effect in the form of gain of fertility after 21 days of treatment was evident. The treatment with ERS extract resulted in a statistical increase in the resorption index (P < 0.001) suggesting a failure of embryonic development. Anti-implantation and abortifacient action were seen with both doses of ERS. Conclusion: Results show that ERS seed kernel has potential and reversible antifertility effect in female Wistar rats.