Wiratno, Syakir M, Sucipto I, Pradana AP. 2019. Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from roots of Piper nigrum and their activities against Fusarium oxysporum and Meloidogyne incognita. Biodiversitas 20: 682-687. The endophytic bacteria from spices plants have potential as biocontrol agents. Nevertheless, their potential has not been explored. Pepper plant (Piper nigrum L.) is linked with promising endophytic bacteria as biocontrol agents. This study aimed to obtain isolates of endophytic bacteria from root tissues of pepper plant. The isolation of endophytic bacteria was done using surface-sterilization method and using Tryptone Soya Agar (TSA) medium. The result showed that 10 endophytic bacteria were successfully isolated. We found that a total of 9 bacteria were safe for plants and mammals and used for subsequent steps. The selected bacteria showed inhibition activity of Fusarium oxysporum (18.6 to 43.7%). Furthermore, the secondary metabolites of the endophytic bacteria also promoted lethal effects on Meloidogyne incognita (16.6 to 65.8%). The physiological activity also showed that seven isolates were able to produce chitinase, and four (4) isolates were able to produce protease. Additionally, 55.6% of isolates were also able to dissolve phosphorus and fix nitrogen. This study provided fundamental information related to the biocontrol properties of endophytic bacteria isolated from pepper plant roots.

Poor waste management will affect various aspects such as environmental pollution due to piles of garbage that disturb the community. It needs a waste treatment process and one of them is the bioconversion process. This process uses the biological agent Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens). This research was conducted with three organic matter variations, namely tofu pulp, eggplant pulp, and pumpkin pulp as bioconversion media. The ability of BSF larvae in bioconversion organic waste can be seen from several parameters, namely temperature, media pH, larvae weight growth, WRI (Waste Reduction Index), survival rate, consumption substrate and feed residue. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test then the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test with a significance level of 95%. The research results with different bioconversion media are significantly different results on the ability of BSF larvae in the decomposition process. Tofu pulp media show the best results compared to other media with suitable conditions for the decomposition process with a final temperature of 28.8 ^oC, pH 7, weight growth 28.35%, WRI 5.38%, and 80.71% substrate consumption.

Sejumlah sampah organik yang dihasilkan sebagian besar masih belum dikelola dengan baik sehingga dapat berdampak buruk terhadap lingkungan. Teknologi paling mudah yang dapat digunakan untuk memanfaatkan sampah organik adalah pengomposan. Salah satu agen serangga yang saat ini popular dan dapat digunakan sebagai dekomposer limbah organik adalah larva Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucent). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mutu hasil biokonversi limbah organik sayur dan ampas tahu dengan menggunakan larva BSF. Parameter yang diuji yaitu derajat keasaman (pH), kadar air (KA), nitrogen (N), fosfor (P), rasio C/N, dan kalium (K). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa limbah organik ampas tahu dan limbah sayur yang telah dibiokonversi dengan menggunakan larva BSF selama 15 hari menghasilkan nilai N, P, K, C/N, pH, dan KA yang sesuai dengan persyaratan SNI 19-7030-2004 tentang Spesifikasi kompos dari sampah organik domestik. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa larva BSF mampu mendekomposisi limbah organik dengan cepat dan menghasilkan pupuk organik yang bermanfaat bagi tanah, tanaman dan lingkungan.

Metarhizium anisopliae is a fungus that acts as an entomopathogen, commonly used to control pest insects (Biological Control Agent). This saprophytic mushroom requires sufficient organic nutrients in the growth medium. Typically, rice or corn is used as the media; however, this poses a challenge as these grains are also consumed by humans as staple foods. Additionally, the price of rice and corn has been increasing steadily. Alternatively, organic materials like maggot residue and pupa shells are byproducts from maggot cultivation that contain high nutritional value but are not utilized optimally. This research aims to identify effective alternative media for the multiplication of Metarhizium anisopliae. The research method involved controlled, homogeneous, and sterile experimental conditions, using a completely randomized design with four treatments and six repetitions. The fungus showed a high conidia density in the control media (rice corn), measuring 15.5 x 108. In chicken manure, a high density of 14.4 x 108 was observed, while the media made from maggot residue and pupa shells showed very low densities of 2.08 x 106 and 6.25 x 106, respectively. This suggests the presence of antimicrobial peptides (AMP), fatty acids, various bacteria, and lignocellulose compounds in the maggot residue and pupa shells. Overall, the organic materials from maggot residue and pupa shells are not effective as growth mediums for the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae.

Efektifitas Pestisida Nabati Azadirachta indica, Melia azedarach dan Piper betel Terhadap Patogen Tanaman Padi Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae

ABSTRAKDesa Andongsari telah dijadikan desa KKN tematik pengembangan Desa Wisata dan Wirausaha Sejahtera. Mayoritras profesi masyarakat sebagai petani baik itu petani maupun sebagai buruh tani. Permasalahan-permasalahan yang sering dihadapi petani dalam budidaya cabe besar yaitu adanya serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman (OPT). Efek penggunaan pestisida frekuensi tinggi menimbulkan efek samping yaitu hama yang resisten. Diperlukan teknik pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan dan ramah terhadap biaya produksi, salah satunya adalah agens hayati yang bersifat memarasit serangga hama. Mitra kegiatan pengabdian ini sendiri yaitu Desa Andongsari dan kelompok tani yang ditunjuk sebagai panitia pelaksana oleh desa adalah kelompok tani Margo Makmur I dan didampingi oleh Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) Larasati. Metode pelaksanaan menganut prinsip Plan Do Check Action (PDCA) meliputi kegiatan observasi, perencanaan program, pelatihan berupa praktek langsung. Penggunaan agens hayati tersebut menggunakan media padat karena berdasarkan observasi kondisi lingkungan dan teknik yang mudah digunakan lebih mengarah ke penggunaan media padat. Pelatihan produksi tersebut dibagi beberapa tahapan kecil untuk mempermudah dalam pengawasan dan evaluasi di tiap tahapan. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah ada peningkatan pemahaman petani terkait bahaya penggunaan pestisida dan peningkatan minat masyarakat petani terkait penggunaan agens hayati, selain itu juga ada peningkatan softskill berupa pengetahuan dan ketrampilan masyarakat dalam memproduksi agens hayati. Kata kunci: agens hayati; cendawan; desa andongsari; desa wisata; entomopatogen. ABSTRACTThe problems that are often faced by farmers in the cultivation of large chilies are attacks by plant pest. The effect of using high-frequency pesticides causes side effects (resistant pests). Control techniques that are environmentally friendly and friendly to production costs are needed, one of which is biological agents that are parasitic insect pests. The partner for this service activity itself is Andongsari Village and the farmer group appointed as the implementing committee by the village is the Margo Makmur I farmer group and accompanied by the Larasati Women Farmers Group. The implementation method adheres to the Plan Do Check Action (PDCA) principle including observation activities, program planning, training in the form of hands-on practice. The production training is divided into several small stages to facilitate monitoring and evaluation at each stage. The result of this activity is that there is an increase in farmers' understanding regarding the dangers of using pesticides and an increase in the interest of the farming community regarding the use of biological agents, besides that there is also an increase in soft skills in the form of community knowledge and skills in producing biological agents. Keywords: andongsari village; biological agents; entomopathogens; fungi; tourist village.