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Under the controversial background of “Northwestern China is gradually developing towards warm and humid”, how hydrological drought responds to meteorological drought at the endorheic basin is of great significance. To address this problem, we first analyzed the spatiotemporal variation of meteorological and hydrological droughts at Tarim Basin River from 1960 to 2014 by using the daily standardized precipitation index (SPI) and daily standardized terrestrial water storage index (SWSI) based on the reanalysis data. Thereafter, we explored the spatiotemporal response of hydrological drought to meteorological drought on the multi-time scale by using the cross-wavelet transform method, Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), and correlation analysis. We find that: (1) both meteorological and hydrological droughts signified a gradually weakened trend in time; (2) meteorological and hydrological drought have significant resonance periods on the 10-month time scale and the 8-year time scale; (3) hydrological drought generally lags behind the meteorological drought by 7 days in plains areas, while it can last as long as several months or even a year in mountainous areas.
Nina Zhu; Jianhua Xu; Gang Zeng; Xianzhong Cao. Spatiotemporal Response of Hydrological Drought to Meteorological Drought on Multi-Time Scales Concerning Endorheic Basin. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 9074 .
AMA StyleNina Zhu, Jianhua Xu, Gang Zeng, Xianzhong Cao. Spatiotemporal Response of Hydrological Drought to Meteorological Drought on Multi-Time Scales Concerning Endorheic Basin. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (17):9074.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNina Zhu; Jianhua Xu; Gang Zeng; Xianzhong Cao. 2021. "Spatiotemporal Response of Hydrological Drought to Meteorological Drought on Multi-Time Scales Concerning Endorheic Basin." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17: 9074.
Complex temperature processes are the coupling results of natural and human processes, but few studies focused on the interactive effects between natural and human systems. Based on the dataset for temperature during the period of 1980–2012, we analyzed the complexity of temperature by using the Correlation Dimension (CD) method. Then, we used the Geogdetector method to examine the effects of factors and their interactions on the temperature process in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the temperature rose 1.53 °C; and, among the dense areas of population and urban, the temperature rose the fastest. (2) The temperature process was more complicated in the sparse areas of population and urban than in the dense areas of population and urban. (3) The complexity of temperature dynamics increased along with the increase of temporal scale. To describe the temperature dynamic, at least two independent variables were needed at a daily scale, but at least three independent variables were needed at seasonal and annual scales. (4) Each driving factor did not work alone, but interacted with each other and had an enhanced effect on temperature. In addition, the interaction between economic activity and urban density had the largest influence on temperature.
Cheng Zhou; Nina Zhu; Jianhua Xu; Dongyang Yang. The Contribution Rate of Driving Factors and Their Interactions to Temperature in the Yangtze River Delta Region. Atmosphere 2019, 11, 32 .
AMA StyleCheng Zhou, Nina Zhu, Jianhua Xu, Dongyang Yang. The Contribution Rate of Driving Factors and Their Interactions to Temperature in the Yangtze River Delta Region. Atmosphere. 2019; 11 (1):32.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheng Zhou; Nina Zhu; Jianhua Xu; Dongyang Yang. 2019. "The Contribution Rate of Driving Factors and Their Interactions to Temperature in the Yangtze River Delta Region." Atmosphere 11, no. 1: 32.
The Plum Rains process is a complex process, and its spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors on different time scales still need further study. Based on a dataset on the Plum Rains in the Yangtze River Delta, from 33 meteorological stations during the period of 1960 to 2012, we investigated the spatiotemporal variations of Plum Rains and their relation with the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM), the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) using an integrated approach that combines ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), empirical orthogonal function (EOF), and correlation analysis. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) the plum rainfall (i.e., the rainfall during the period of Plum Rains) showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and it had a three-year and six-year cycle on the inter-annual scale and a 13-year and 33-year cycle on the inter-decadal scale. The effect of the onset and termination of Plum Rains and the daily intensity of plum rainfall on plum rainfall on the inter-annual scale was greater than the inter-decadal scale, (2) the EOF analysis of plum rainfall revealed a dominant basin-wide in-phase pattern (EOF1) and a north-south out-of-phase pattern (EOF2), and (3) ENSO and EASM were the main influencing factors in the three-year and six-year periods, respectively.
Nina Zhu; Jianhua Xu; Kaiming Li; Yang Luo; Dongyang Yang; Cheng Zhou. Spatiotemporal Change of Plum Rains in the Yangtze River Delta and Its Relation with EASM, ENSO, and PDO During the Period of 1960–2012. Atmosphere 2019, 10, 258 .
AMA StyleNina Zhu, Jianhua Xu, Kaiming Li, Yang Luo, Dongyang Yang, Cheng Zhou. Spatiotemporal Change of Plum Rains in the Yangtze River Delta and Its Relation with EASM, ENSO, and PDO During the Period of 1960–2012. Atmosphere. 2019; 10 (5):258.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNina Zhu; Jianhua Xu; Kaiming Li; Yang Luo; Dongyang Yang; Cheng Zhou. 2019. "Spatiotemporal Change of Plum Rains in the Yangtze River Delta and Its Relation with EASM, ENSO, and PDO During the Period of 1960–2012." Atmosphere 10, no. 5: 258.
How to measure and quantitatively assess hydrological drought (HD) in the inland river basins of Northwest China is a difficult problem because of the complicated geographical environment and climatic processes. To address this problem, we conducted a comprehensive approach and selected the Aksu River Basin (ARB) as a typical inland river basin to quantitatively assess the hydrological drought based on the observed data and reanalysis data during the period of 1980–2010. We used two mutual complementing indicators, i.e., the standardized runoff index (SRI) and standardized terrestrial water storage index (SWSI), to quantitatively measure the spatio-temporal pattern of HD, where the SRI calculated from the observed runoff data indicate the time trend of HD of the whole basin, while SWSI extracted from the reanalysis data indicate the spatial pattern of HD. We also used the auto-regressive distribution lag model (ARDL) to show the autocorrelation of HD and its dependence on precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (PET), and soil moisture. The main conclusions are as follows: (a) the western and eastern regions of the ARB were prone to drought, whereas the frequency of drought in the middle of the ARB is relatively lower; (b) HD presents significant autocorrelation with two months’ lag, and soil moisture is correlated with SWSI with two months’ lag, whereas PET and precipitation are correlated with SWSI with 1 month’ lag; (c) the thresholds of HD for annual PET, annual precipitation, and annual average soil moisture are greater than 844.05 mm, less than 134.52 mm, and less than 411.07 kg/m2, respectively. A drought early warning system that is based on the thresholds was designed.
Nina Zhu; Jianhua Xu; Weihong Li; Kaiming Li; Cheng Zhou. A Comprehensive Approach to Assess the Hydrological Drought of Inland River Basin in Northwest China. Atmosphere 2018, 9, 370 .
AMA StyleNina Zhu, Jianhua Xu, Weihong Li, Kaiming Li, Cheng Zhou. A Comprehensive Approach to Assess the Hydrological Drought of Inland River Basin in Northwest China. Atmosphere. 2018; 9 (10):370.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNina Zhu; Jianhua Xu; Weihong Li; Kaiming Li; Cheng Zhou. 2018. "A Comprehensive Approach to Assess the Hydrological Drought of Inland River Basin in Northwest China." Atmosphere 9, no. 10: 370.