Natural bioactive chemicals sourced from marine species have attracted growing interest due to their immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and gut microbiota-regulating characteristics. These chemicals, especially peptides, offer therapeutic approaches for addressing inflammation, immunological dysfunction, and intestinal barrier disturbance, which are frequently observed in conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This review centers on current discoveries about marine-derived peptides from octopus, sea conch, and scallop. These substances have demonstrated a considerable ability to restore intestinal integrity, regulate immune cell function, reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines, and rebalance dysbiotic gut microbiota. We consider several in vivo scenarios, encompassing dextran sulphate sodium (DDS)-induced colitis and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression. These compounds raise the expression of tight junction proteins (including ZO-1 and occludin), boost the production of mucin, and encourage the growth of good bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Lachnospiraceae. Their effects are mechanistically associated with the inhibition of critical inflammatory pathways (e.g., Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4)) and the modulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. These versatile bioactives can serve as dietary supplements or complementary therapies for gastrointestinal and cancer-related issues. This review emphasizes the therapeutic potential of marine peptides, concentrating on gut–immune–microbiota interactions, as well as exploring future avenues for clinical translation and drug development

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder marked by a gradual decline in cognitive and behavioral functions. Despite advancements in elucidating several potential mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of AD, there remains a limitation in effective supplements or medications for its intervention. Resveratrol, a natural antioxidant, has emerged as a significant player in the treatment of AD. This article reviews the role of resveratrol in four key aspects: amyloid plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangles, inflammatory response and oxidative stress, energy metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis, and neuroprotection and regeneration. Furthermore, we also explore treatment strategies to enhance the therapeutic effect of resveratrol.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a form of traumatic damage to the central nervous system, and oligodendrocytes play a central role in SCI recovery. Ferroptosis is a major factor in the pathophysiological development of SCI symptoms. Pterostilbene (Pte) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. This study aims to investigate the potential role of Pte in SCI. Methods: A SCI model of rats was constructed. The BBB score assessment, the footprint test, EC staining, immunofluorescence (IF), and Western blot (WB) were conducted to observe the neuroprotective effects of Pte. The factors of ferroptosis, such as Glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Fe²⁺, solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), were assessed. Then, transcriptomic data, network pharmacology, molecular docking analysis, and the erastin-induced ferroptosis model of OLN-93 cell lines were used to investigate the mechanism of inhibiting ferroptosis by Pte. Results: Pte treatment restored motor function and spinal cord tissue in SCI rats. Furthermore, Pte dramatically decreased oligodendrocyte ferroptosis. Finally, we discovered that Pte can repair SCI by blocking ferroptosis via the Keap1/Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 axis. Conclusions: Pte reduces lipid peroxidation via the Keap1/Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 axis, which reduces the development of ferroptosis in oligodendrocytes and improves locomotor function in rats with SCI.

Laceration is one of the most common meniscus injuries, which can cause knee joint dysfunction. The treatment of meniscus injuries remains one of the greatest challenges in orthopedics. In this study, a three-dimensional sponge-like Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (PLA/P(3HB-co-4HB)) scaffold with oriented microtubules was fabricated using an improved gradient thermal phase separation technique. The scaffold surface was modified by adsorbing gelatin. The surface-modified scaffolds and the unmodified scaffolds were divided into two groups. All preparation parameters were adjusted to meet tissue engineering requirements. The prepared scaffolds were tested for porosity, compression modulus, hydrophilicity, and degradability. Following scaffold preparation, induced differentiated rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were seeded to evaluate scaffold cytocompatibility. Cell proliferation was observed in the two scaffold groups, and cell viability was analyzed using CCK-8 assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confocal microscopy. Histological staining was performed to comparatively study cell synthetic function. Subsequently, tissue reconstruction and regeneration were evaluated following subcutaneous implantation of gelatin/PLA/P(3HB-co-4HB) scaffolds loaded with induced differentiated BMSCs in the dorsal regions of athymic nude mice. Results demonstrated that the gelatin/PLA/P(3HB-co-4HB) scaffold exhibited good cell compatibility, providing a suitable microenvironment for cell proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, the scaffold supported the growth of seeded induced differentiated rabbit MSCs in vivo, maintaining meniscus cell phenotyping and function. The cell-laden scaffold has the potential to generate meniscus fibrocartilage.