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Mr. Muhammad Junaid Munir
Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia

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0 Structural Engineering
0 sustainable construction materials
0 Durability of Concrete
0 Rubberized concrete
0 Precast concrete

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Journal article
Published: 17 July 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Due to the recent surge in the lithium slat industry, a high amount of lithium slag (LS) is generated as industrial waste and stacked open, causing environmental pollution and occupying land resources. In this regard, this research very first time investigates the use of LS to prepare and study the physical and mechanical properties of magnesium ammonium phosphate cement (MAPC). It is believed that results will be helpful in reducing the burden of LS on the environment and in improving the construction sector sustainability. For this purpose, LS was replaced with the MAPC by 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. A gradual increase in LS quantity decreased the fluidity and increased the setting time of LS-MAPC mortars. Comparison of results showed that heat curing of samples at 70 °C for 24 h produced LS-MAPC mortars having high strength than the air-curing. Among all mixtures, a replacement level of 10% was found as the optimum dosage and produced the best results as compared to other mixtures. Mechanical properties of LS-MAPC mortars were improved when amount of MAPC replacement by LS was 10%. Water absorption and porosity of mortars showed a direct relationship with the percentage of LS. Reaction products were studied by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope analysis and their findings corroborated with experimental results.

ACS Style

Peng Dong; Muhammad Riaz Ahmad; Bing Chen; Muhammad Junaid Munir; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi. Preparation and study of magnesium ammonium phosphate cement from waste lithium slag. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 316, 128371 .

AMA Style

Peng Dong, Muhammad Riaz Ahmad, Bing Chen, Muhammad Junaid Munir, Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi. Preparation and study of magnesium ammonium phosphate cement from waste lithium slag. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 316 ():128371.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peng Dong; Muhammad Riaz Ahmad; Bing Chen; Muhammad Junaid Munir; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi. 2021. "Preparation and study of magnesium ammonium phosphate cement from waste lithium slag." Journal of Cleaner Production 316, no. : 128371.

Journal article
Published: 07 July 2021 in Construction and Building Materials
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This paper studies the influence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers on the mechanical and water resistance properties of fiber-reinforced magnesium phosphate cement (FR-MPC) mortar composites. The dosage of fiber was kept at 0%, 0.13%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% respectively. The increase in fiber content gradually reduced the fluidity of FR-MPC composites. The addition of PVA fibers increased the water absorption, porosity, and loss in mass. The compressive, three-point flexural, four-point flexural, and splitting tensile strength were improved with the addition of PVA fibers. In all cases, an amount of 0.5% PVA fiber was found as an optimum dosage. Fracture toughness and ductility performance were enhanced due to inclusion of fibers. However, there was a continuous decrease in water resistance with the increase in fiber content. Observations by SEM revealed that fibers show non-uniform distribution at a high dosage of 0.75%, which also corroborated with the findings of mechanical properties.

ACS Style

Peng Dong; Muhammad Riaz Ahmad; Bing Chen; Muhammad Junaid Munir; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi. A study on magnesium phosphate cement mortars reinforced by polyvinyl alcohol fibers. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 302, 124154 .

AMA Style

Peng Dong, Muhammad Riaz Ahmad, Bing Chen, Muhammad Junaid Munir, Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi. A study on magnesium phosphate cement mortars reinforced by polyvinyl alcohol fibers. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 302 ():124154.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peng Dong; Muhammad Riaz Ahmad; Bing Chen; Muhammad Junaid Munir; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi. 2021. "A study on magnesium phosphate cement mortars reinforced by polyvinyl alcohol fibers." Construction and Building Materials 302, no. : 124154.

Journal article
Published: 09 June 2021 in Construction and Building Materials
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The global generation of millions of tonnes of water treatment sludge (WTS) per day is triggering waste management problems and the up-cycling of WTS in masonry bricks is an eco-friendly solution. Effect of different dosages of WTS on the performance of clay bricks has been studied by researchers. Scant work is available regarding the performance of no-clay bricks i.e. bricks made exclusively with the WTS. This study aims to investigate the engineering performance of no-clay bricks having WTS, glass, and marble wastes. For this reason, WTS bricks are manufactured with different dosages of glass and marble wastes (i.e. 0–15%). Mechanical, durability, thermal, and microstructural performance of all the brick specimens is explored. X-ray fluorescence results show that the collective amount of fluxing agents in WTS exceeds 9% (similar to low refractive clay). All the bricks manufactured in this study exhibited water absorption between 5.3 and 12.6% and can be classified as first-class and severe weather resistant bricks as per ASTM C373-18 and ASTM C62-17, respectively. The thermal conductivity and porosity of no-clay WTS bricks were observed 1.014 W/mK and 11%, respectively. Moreover, the higher compressive strength and bulk density of all the brick specimens fulfill the international building code obligations. Furthermore, no-clay WTS bricks meet the ASTM C902 and ASTM C62-17 requirements for light vehicular traffic and severe weather-resistant bricks, respectively. Empirical relationships between the compressive strength, thermal conductivity, porosity, and density of brick specimens developed in this study can be used to predict the performance of WTS bricks. Therefore, no-clay WTS bricks having glass and marble wastes can be used to produce strong, durable, and sustainable buildings leading towards a cleaner environment and natural clay conservation.

ACS Style

Osman Gencel; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Muhammad Junaid Munir; Mucahit Sutcu; Ertugrul Erdogmus; Ali Yaras. Feasibility of using clay-free bricks manufactured from water treatment sludge, glass, and marble wastes: An exploratory study. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 298, 123843 .

AMA Style

Osman Gencel, Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi, Muhammad Junaid Munir, Mucahit Sutcu, Ertugrul Erdogmus, Ali Yaras. Feasibility of using clay-free bricks manufactured from water treatment sludge, glass, and marble wastes: An exploratory study. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 298 ():123843.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Osman Gencel; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Muhammad Junaid Munir; Mucahit Sutcu; Ertugrul Erdogmus; Ali Yaras. 2021. "Feasibility of using clay-free bricks manufactured from water treatment sludge, glass, and marble wastes: An exploratory study." Construction and Building Materials 298, no. : 123843.

Journal article
Published: 20 May 2021 in Sustainability
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The addition of macro-polypropylene fibres improves the stress-strain performance of natural aggregate concrete (NAC). However, limited studies focus on the stress-strain performance of macro-polypropylene fibre-reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). Considering the variability of coarse recycled aggregates (CRA), more studies are needed to investigate the stress-strain performance of macro-polypropylene fibre-reinforced RAC. In this study, a new type of 48 mm long BarChip macro-polypropylene fibre with a continuously embossed surface texture is used to produce BarChip fibre-reinforced NAC (BFNAC) and RAC (BFRAC). The stress-strain performance of BFNAC and BFRAC is studied for varying dosages of BarChip fibres. Results show that the increase in energy dissipation capacity (i.e., area under the curve), peak stress, and peak strain of samples is observed with an increase in fibre dosage, indicating the positive effect of fibre addition on the stress-strain performance of concrete. The strength enhancement due to the addition of fibres is higher for BFRAC samples than BFNAC samples. The reduction in peak stress, ultimate strain, toughness and specific toughness of concrete samples due to the utilisation of CRA also reduces with the addition of fibres. Hence, the negative effect of CRA on the properties of concrete samples can be minimised by adding BarChip macro-polypropylene fibres. The applicability of the stress-strain model previously developed for macro-synthetic and steel fibre-reinforced NAC and RAC to BFNAC and BFRAC is also examined.

ACS Style

Muhammad Munir; Syed Kazmi; Yu-Fei Wu; Xiaoshan Lin; Muhammad Ahmad. Axial Stress-Strain Performance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Reinforced with Macro-Polypropylene Fibres. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5741 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Munir, Syed Kazmi, Yu-Fei Wu, Xiaoshan Lin, Muhammad Ahmad. Axial Stress-Strain Performance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Reinforced with Macro-Polypropylene Fibres. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5741.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Munir; Syed Kazmi; Yu-Fei Wu; Xiaoshan Lin; Muhammad Ahmad. 2021. "Axial Stress-Strain Performance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Reinforced with Macro-Polypropylene Fibres." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5741.

Journal article
Published: 23 April 2021 in Cement and Concrete Composites
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Traditional binders (ordinary Portland cement; OPC and lime) due to their high alkaline nature show poor bio-compatibility and degradation of hydration products when mixed with the lignocellulosic materials. As a result, produced plant-concrete composites (PCC) exhibit inferior mechanical and durability properties. In this regard, this paper adopts the approach of pretreatment of corn stalk particles (alkalization and hydrophobic pretreatment) and use of alternative binders (geopolymer; GP and magnesium phosphate cements; MPC) to address these performance related issues. Results showed significant improvement in microstructure of PCCs and interface bonding between the binders and corn stalk aggregates due to hydrophobic pretreatment. Among the PCCs containing different type of binders, MPC based PCCs exhibited superior performance in term of strength, and hygroscopic properties as compared to OPC and GP based PCCs. Reduction in porosity and drying shrinkage was also prominent for the PCC prepared with GP and MPC binders and hydrophobic pretreated corn stalk aggregates. However, thermal conductivity of PCCs was increased for PCCs containing pretreated corn stalk aggregates.

ACS Style

Muhammad Riaz Ahmad; Bing Chen; M. Aminul Haque; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Muhammad Junaid Munir. Development of plant-concrete composites containing pretreated corn stalk bio-aggregates and different type of binders. Cement and Concrete Composites 2021, 121, 104054 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Riaz Ahmad, Bing Chen, M. Aminul Haque, Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi, Muhammad Junaid Munir. Development of plant-concrete composites containing pretreated corn stalk bio-aggregates and different type of binders. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2021; 121 ():104054.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Riaz Ahmad; Bing Chen; M. Aminul Haque; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Muhammad Junaid Munir. 2021. "Development of plant-concrete composites containing pretreated corn stalk bio-aggregates and different type of binders." Cement and Concrete Composites 121, no. : 104054.

Journal article
Published: 17 April 2021 in Construction and Building Materials
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Giving the high amount of carbon and energy emission from the use of traditional building materials, the use of bio-composites made from industrial crops especially hemp has caught attention from researchers in recent years. These bio-composites not only enhance the thermal performance of buildings but also promote sustainable development due to their eco-friendly nature. Due to their highly heterogeneous nature, however, most of the existing studies on the bio-composites have only focused on experimental investigations, while mathematical modeling of physical, thermal and mechanical properties of bio-composite remains a challenge for the researchers. In this paper, an artificial intelligence (AI) based gene expression programming (GEP) technique is used to develop the mathematical models for predicting the dry density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity of hemp-based bio-composites. A large amount of database was established based on past studies and the most influential parameters were identified by several trial analyses. The proposed mathematical models showed a high correlation with the experimental results. All the models passed the statistical and performance index checks showing strong predictability, generalization capability and high accuracy of GEP-AI models. Comparison of results with the regression analysis techniques further proved the superiority of GEP-AI models over the traditional methods.

ACS Style

Muhammad Riaz Ahmad; Bing Chen; Jian-Guo Dai; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Muhammad Junaid Munir. Evolutionary artificial intelligence approach for performance prediction of bio-composites. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 290, 123254 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Riaz Ahmad, Bing Chen, Jian-Guo Dai, Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi, Muhammad Junaid Munir. Evolutionary artificial intelligence approach for performance prediction of bio-composites. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 290 ():123254.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Riaz Ahmad; Bing Chen; Jian-Guo Dai; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Muhammad Junaid Munir. 2021. "Evolutionary artificial intelligence approach for performance prediction of bio-composites." Construction and Building Materials 290, no. : 123254.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2021 in Journal of Building Engineering
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Due to rapid population growth and industrialization, the generation of different industrial and agricultural wastes has surged in the past few decades. In this study, burnt clay bricks are prepared to investigate the synergistic and individual effect of glass sludge (GS), marble sludge (MS), and rice husk (RH) on the physical, mechanical, durability, and thermal properties of brick samples. Results show that the addition of waste materials (GS, MS, and RH) reduces the shrinkage, weight per unit area, and thermal conductivity of brick samples. All the brick samples incorporating different waste materials show efflorescence much lower than 10%. Furthermore, no brick sample faced any cracking even after 50 freeze-thaw cycles. The mass loss of brick samples incorporating 25% of GS is observed lower than the specified limit of ASTM C67 and are classified as freeze-thaw resistant brick samples. All the brick samples incorporating different waste materials satisfy the minimum compressive strength and modulus of rupture requirements for building bricks and can be used in a moderate weather-resistant environment, leading to sustainable masonry construction. Furthermore, all the brick samples show leaching toxicity values much lower than the specified limits of the Environmental Protection Agency. The scanning electron microscopic images also support the results of porosity and water absorption of brick samples observed in this study. Based on the results, all the combinations of waste materials considered in this study for making brick samples can be used for masonry construction leading towards landfill reduction and the production of eco-friendly bricks.

ACS Style

Muhammad Junaid Munir; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Osman Gencel; Muhammad Riaz Ahmad; Bing Chen. Synergistic effect of rice husk, glass and marble sludges on the engineering characteristics of eco-friendly bricks. Journal of Building Engineering 2021, 42, 102484 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Junaid Munir, Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi, Osman Gencel, Muhammad Riaz Ahmad, Bing Chen. Synergistic effect of rice husk, glass and marble sludges on the engineering characteristics of eco-friendly bricks. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021; 42 ():102484.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Junaid Munir; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Osman Gencel; Muhammad Riaz Ahmad; Bing Chen. 2021. "Synergistic effect of rice husk, glass and marble sludges on the engineering characteristics of eco-friendly bricks." Journal of Building Engineering 42, no. : 102484.

Journal article
Published: 19 January 2021 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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The inferior performance of eco-friendly concrete owing to the addition of waste materials is a big hurdle in its practical adaptation. This study focuses on developing eco-friendly and green concrete, having performance similar to normal aggregate concrete (NAC). For this purpose, two waste products, including recycled aggregates (RA) and waste tire chipped rubber (CR), were used during the study. Furthermore, green concrete was also manufactured using RA treated through techniques such as lime immersion with carbonation and acetic acid immersion with mechanical rubbing. To achieve the strength of green concrete similar to NAC, an innovative concrete casting approach was followed. Green concrete specimens were cast and then compressed in the fresh state using specially designed molds. Results show that the compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) incorporating 20% CR in replacement of coarse aggregates is noticed 49% lower than NAC. However, the compressive strength and elastic modulus of compressed RAC and treated RAC incorporating 10-20% of CR in replacement of coarse aggregates are quite close to traditional concrete specimens without CR. No such method is available in the current literature through which green concrete incorporating RA and CR can achieve properties similar to NAC. Furthermore, the cost comparison and cement strength contribution index calculated in this study also show the industrial application potential of the new casting approach. Therefore, the developed concrete casting approach promotes the efficient utilization of RA and CR in the production of precast concrete members resulting in eco-friendly and sustainable construction.

ACS Style

Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Muhammad Junaid Munir; Yu-Fei Wu. Application of waste tire rubber and recycled aggregates in concrete products: A new compression casting approach. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2021, 167, 105353 .

AMA Style

Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi, Muhammad Junaid Munir, Yu-Fei Wu. Application of waste tire rubber and recycled aggregates in concrete products: A new compression casting approach. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2021; 167 ():105353.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Muhammad Junaid Munir; Yu-Fei Wu. 2021. "Application of waste tire rubber and recycled aggregates in concrete products: A new compression casting approach." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 167, no. : 105353.

Journal article
Published: 07 January 2021 in Energy and Buildings
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This paper studies the influence of a new bio-based capillary active insulation (CAI) materials (corn stalk based vegetal derived concrete namely CS-1 and CS-2) and two traditional insulation materials (aerated autoclaved concrete (AAC) and aerated insulation brick (IB)) on the hygrothermal properties of multilayer wall. The reference wall consists of solid brick masonry plastered on the internal and external sides. Walls based on CAI materials consist of an extra layer of insulation and weather-resistive barrier (WRB) on the façade surface. Simulations were performed under the natural climatic condition of hot-humid and cold regions. Optimum thickness for the bio-based CAI materials to be used as internal insulation was 100 mm beyond which higher insulation thickness triggered the risk of mould growth. All walls based on CAI insulation materials (CS-1, CS-2, AAC, and IB) showed the mould index (MI) within the acceptable range. Bio-based CAI materials showed considerable improvement in the temperature and relative humidity at the interior surface. CAI materials reduced the heat losses through the wall by 58–69% as compared to the reference wall. Drying behavior of the wall was significantly improved with the combination of CAI and WRB and no risk of condensation was observed in the walls.

ACS Style

Muhammad Riaz Ahmad; Bing Chen; Yierfan Maierdan; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Muhammad Junaid Munir. Study of a new capillary active bio-insulation material by hygrothermal simulation of multilayer wall. Energy and Buildings 2021, 234, 110724 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Riaz Ahmad, Bing Chen, Yierfan Maierdan, Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi, Muhammad Junaid Munir. Study of a new capillary active bio-insulation material by hygrothermal simulation of multilayer wall. Energy and Buildings. 2021; 234 ():110724.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Riaz Ahmad; Bing Chen; Yierfan Maierdan; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Muhammad Junaid Munir. 2021. "Study of a new capillary active bio-insulation material by hygrothermal simulation of multilayer wall." Energy and Buildings 234, no. : 110724.

Journal article
Published: 06 November 2020 in Construction and Building Materials
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To adopt sustainability in the construction industry, various nations around the globe are focusing on the utilization of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). The thermal performance of RAC incorporating different types of recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) is unexplored in the current literature. In this study, the thermal performance of RAC incorporating RCA treated through different techniques including accelerated carbonation, soaking in lime with accelerated carbonation, soaking in acetic acid, soaking in acetic acid with rubbing, and soaking in acetic acid with accelerated carbonation is explored. Furthermore, dry density, compressive strength, water absorption, the volume of permeable pores, porosity, and pore size distribution of all the concrete specimens are also investigated. The thermal conductivity of RAC specimens is observed 27% lower than natural aggregate concrete (NAC) specimens. An increase in thermal conductivity is observed for RAC specimens incorporating treated RCA than RAC specimens with untreated RCA. However, the thermal conductivity values of RAC specimens with treated RCA are still observed lower than NAC specimens. A relationship is also developed by regression analysis of the test database to predict the thermal conductivity of RAC. The proposed relation can effectively predict the thermal conductivity of RAC incorporating untreated and treated RCA leading towards the development of guidelines for sustainable construction.

ACS Style

Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Muhammad Junaid Munir; Yu-Fei Wu; Xiaoshan Lin; Muhammad Riaz Ahmad. Investigation of thermal performance of concrete incorporating different types of recycled coarse aggregates. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 270, 121433 .

AMA Style

Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi, Muhammad Junaid Munir, Yu-Fei Wu, Xiaoshan Lin, Muhammad Riaz Ahmad. Investigation of thermal performance of concrete incorporating different types of recycled coarse aggregates. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 270 ():121433.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Muhammad Junaid Munir; Yu-Fei Wu; Xiaoshan Lin; Muhammad Riaz Ahmad. 2020. "Investigation of thermal performance of concrete incorporating different types of recycled coarse aggregates." Construction and Building Materials 270, no. : 121433.

Journal article
Published: 16 October 2020 in Journal of Building Engineering
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Confinement through steel spirals can significantly improve the performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). However, only a few studies are available in the literature in this context. Considering the variability of recycled coarse aggregates (RCA), more studies are needed to explore the behavior of RAC confined by steel spirals. In this study, the stress-strain behavior of steel spiral confined RAC incorporating acetic acid immersed and mechanically rubbed recycled coarse aggregates (AMRCA) is studied. For this purpose, three different concrete mix designs and three different confinement levels of steel spirals were considered. Results show that the increase of confinement level increases the peak stress, peak strain, and ultimate strain of RAC incorporating AMRCA (AMRAC). At the same confinement level, the ultimate and peak strains of all the confined AMRAC samples are noticed higher than confined NAC samples of the same series. Peak strength reduction due to the addition of AMRCA is also observed lower for confined AMRAC samples than unconfined AMRAC samples. The applicability of the stress-strain model and relationship to determine the permissible content of RCA, previously developed for steel spiral confined NAC and RAC to spirally confined AMRAC samples, is also examined.

ACS Style

Muhammad Junaid Munir; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Yu-Fei Wu; Xiaoshan Lin. Axial stress-strain performance of steel spiral confined acetic acid immersed and mechanically rubbed recycled aggregate concrete. Journal of Building Engineering 2020, 34, 101891 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Junaid Munir, Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi, Yu-Fei Wu, Xiaoshan Lin. Axial stress-strain performance of steel spiral confined acetic acid immersed and mechanically rubbed recycled aggregate concrete. Journal of Building Engineering. 2020; 34 ():101891.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Junaid Munir; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Yu-Fei Wu; Xiaoshan Lin. 2020. "Axial stress-strain performance of steel spiral confined acetic acid immersed and mechanically rubbed recycled aggregate concrete." Journal of Building Engineering 34, no. : 101891.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2020 in Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials
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The focus of this study was to develop manually compressed interlocking mud bricks and study their compressive strength. For this purpose, mud bricks were manufactured incorporating wheat straw (1-4%) and rice husk (1-5%), by weight of soil. Furthermore, mud bricks were also manufactured using lime (12%, 15% & 19% by weight of soil) and a combination of wheat straw and rice husk, named as straw husk (1-4% by weight of soil) as an additive. To investigate the strength and failure pattern of interlocking mud bricks, compressive strength test was performed. Mud bricks showed shrinkage cracks in control specimens. However, no signs of shrinkage cracking were observed in specimens incorporating fibers (wheat straw, rice husk and straw husk). Decrease in compressive strength was observed with increasing content of fibers in mud brick specimens. However, interlocking mud bricks incorporating fibers fulfilled the minimum strength requirements of different standards for mud bricks. Decrease in compressive strength of mud bricks was also observed after adding lime as an additive. Nevertheless, interlocking mud bricks incorporating lime (up to 19%) satisfied the minimum strength requirement of Turkish standard. Therefore, interlocking mud bricks incorporating fibers and lime can be used in earthen construction leading towards sustainable structures.

ACS Style

Muhammad; Muhammad Azhar Saleem; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Muhammad Junaid Munir. Experimental study of fibre-reinforced interlocking mud bricks under compressive test. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials 2020, 173, 181 -189.

AMA Style

Muhammad, Muhammad Azhar Saleem, Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi, Muhammad Junaid Munir. Experimental study of fibre-reinforced interlocking mud bricks under compressive test. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials. 2020; 173 (4):181-189.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad; Muhammad Azhar Saleem; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Muhammad Junaid Munir. 2020. "Experimental study of fibre-reinforced interlocking mud bricks under compressive test." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials 173, no. 4: 181-189.

Journal article
Published: 29 July 2020 in Construction and Building Materials
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The utilization of recycled aggregates (RA) in new construction has been promoted by many countries but the structural use of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is limited owing to inferior durability performance. The focus of this work is to study the effect of different RA treatment techniques on the durability properties of RAC. For this purpose, five different RA treatment methods such as immersion in acetic acid, immersion in acetic acid with rubbing, accelerated carbonation, immersion in acetic acid with accelerated carbonation and immersion in lime with accelerated carbonation are considered during the study. To investigate the effect of different RA treatment techniques on the durability properties of RAC, different durability tests such as water absorption, permeability, chloride ingress, acid attack and carbonation are performed. Improved resistance against water absorption, chloride penetration, carbonation, and acid attack is noticed for RAC having treated RA than RAC having untreated RA. Chloride migration coefficient values of RAC having RA treated through immersion in acetic acid with mechanical rubbing and immersion in lime with accelerated carbonation are observed very close to that for NAC. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry results also show the enhanced microstructure, dense ITZ and improved porosity for RAC having treated RA than RAC having untreated RA, justifying the positive effect of RA treatment on the durability of RAC. Based on the results, immersion in lime with accelerated carbonation and immersion in acetic acid with rubbing techniques can be used to enhance the durability of RAC. Furthermore, regression models between physical properties of coarse aggregates and different mechanical and durability properties of concrete show that the porosity of coarse aggregates can be used to predict the mechanical and durability performance of concrete effectively, which may be a step towards the design guidelines of durable and eco-friendly concrete.

ACS Style

Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Muhammad Junaid Munir; Yu-Fei Wu; Indubhushan Patnaikuni; Yingwu Zhou; Feng Xing. Effect of recycled aggregate treatment techniques on the durability of concrete: A comparative evaluation. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 264, 120284 .

AMA Style

Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi, Muhammad Junaid Munir, Yu-Fei Wu, Indubhushan Patnaikuni, Yingwu Zhou, Feng Xing. Effect of recycled aggregate treatment techniques on the durability of concrete: A comparative evaluation. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 264 ():120284.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Muhammad Junaid Munir; Yu-Fei Wu; Indubhushan Patnaikuni; Yingwu Zhou; Feng Xing. 2020. "Effect of recycled aggregate treatment techniques on the durability of concrete: A comparative evaluation." Construction and Building Materials 264, no. : 120284.

Journal article
Published: 02 July 2020 in Cold Regions Science and Technology
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The inferior durability of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is causing hindrance in the application of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) in structural concrete. This research focuses on the influence of different treatment methods of RCA on the freeze-thaw and sulfate resistance of resulting concrete. For this reason, freeze-thaw and sulfate resistance tests were conducted on carbonated RAC (C-RAC), lime carbonated RAC (LC-RAC), acetic acid immersed RAC (A-RAC), acetic acid immersed and rubbed RAC (AR-RAC) and acetic acid immersed and carbonated RAC (AC-RAC). Furthermore, mechanical properties and porosity of all the specimens were also explored. The results of this study showed improved mechanical performance and porosity of treated RAC. Enhanced frost and sulfate resistance was also observed for the treated RAC specimens. For example, 23, 17, and 21% reduction in the weight loss was noticed for LC-RAC, AR-RAC, and C-RAC after the freeze-thaw test than RAC specimens, respectively. Similarly, 24 and 19% less reduction in compressive strength was observed after sulfate exposure for LC-RAC and AR-RAC than RAC specimens, respectively. Scanning electron microscopic images of specimens after freeze-thaw test also showed lesser microcracks and denser interfacial transition zone for AR-RAC and LC-RAC than RAC supporting the improved frost resistance due to RCA treatment. Based on the results obtained in this study, LC-RAC and AR-RAC may be used in colder and sulfate-rich environments leading towards sustainable construction. Furthermore, regression models developed in this study show that the durability performance of concrete can be estimated through the physical properties of aggregates leading towards the durable and eco-friendly design of concrete structures.

ACS Style

Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Muhammad Junaid Munir; Yu-Fei Wu; Indubhushan Patnaikuni; Yingwu Zhou; Feng Xing. Effect of different aggregate treatment techniques on the freeze-thaw and sulfate resistance of recycled aggregate concrete. Cold Regions Science and Technology 2020, 178, 103126 .

AMA Style

Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi, Muhammad Junaid Munir, Yu-Fei Wu, Indubhushan Patnaikuni, Yingwu Zhou, Feng Xing. Effect of different aggregate treatment techniques on the freeze-thaw and sulfate resistance of recycled aggregate concrete. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2020; 178 ():103126.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Muhammad Junaid Munir; Yu-Fei Wu; Indubhushan Patnaikuni; Yingwu Zhou; Feng Xing. 2020. "Effect of different aggregate treatment techniques on the freeze-thaw and sulfate resistance of recycled aggregate concrete." Cold Regions Science and Technology 178, no. : 103126.

Journal article
Published: 29 May 2020 in Engineering Structures
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Utilizing the confinement from transverse reinforcement of compression members to offset the inferior recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) performance is considered a sustainable and adaptable way to solve the problems related to the application of recycled coarse aggregates (RCA). Prediction of the axial stress–strain behavior of RAC is a challenging task due to variation in the physical properties of RCA from different sources. Currently, limited work is available in the literature to predict the axial stress–strain behavior of steel spiral confined RAC applicable to RCA from different sources. In this study, a general axial stress–strain model of steel spiral confined normal aggregate concrete (NAC), RAC and treated recycled aggregate concrete (TRAC) is developed considering the material characteristics of RCA. For this purpose, the axial stress–strain behavior of steel spiral confined NAC, RAC, and TRAC having different target strengths and confinement levels is studied. The results of this study show that confinement has a more prominent effect on peak and ultimate strains of RAC and TRAC than NAC. The axial stress–strain model developed in this study, considering a large test database, can be used to predict the performance of steel spiral confined NAC, RAC, and TRAC for any source/type of RCA leading towards the development of design guidelines for sustainable RAC members. Moreover, a relationship is also provided to calculate the permissible content of RCA having any type/source to achieve the compressive strength of steel spiral confined RAC or TRAC similar to NAC for any confinement pressure and concrete strength.

ACS Style

Muhammad Junaid Munir; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Yu-Fei Wu; Indubhushan Patnaikuni; Junfeng Wang; Quan Wang. Development of a unified model to predict the axial stress–strain behavior of recycled aggregate concrete confined through spiral reinforcement. Engineering Structures 2020, 218, 110851 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Junaid Munir, Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi, Yu-Fei Wu, Indubhushan Patnaikuni, Junfeng Wang, Quan Wang. Development of a unified model to predict the axial stress–strain behavior of recycled aggregate concrete confined through spiral reinforcement. Engineering Structures. 2020; 218 ():110851.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Junaid Munir; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Yu-Fei Wu; Indubhushan Patnaikuni; Junfeng Wang; Quan Wang. 2020. "Development of a unified model to predict the axial stress–strain behavior of recycled aggregate concrete confined through spiral reinforcement." Engineering Structures 218, no. : 110851.

Conference paper
Published: 19 May 2020 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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Reuse of concrete waste in novel construction is becoming very important topic nowadays. This study focuses to examine the post-cracking and mechanical performance, fracture behavior, and micro-structure of fiber strengthened recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). For this purpose, crack mouth opening diameter (CMOD) tests were conducted on twenty-seven notched beam specimens (550 × 150 × 150 mm) having three replacement levels (i.e., 0, 50 and 100%) of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) and three synthetic fiber dosages (i.e., 0, 0.5 and 1%). Different mechanical properties of all mixes were also examined following ASTM standards. Drop in the mechanical performance of RAC was noticed at higher RCA replacement levels. However, synthetic fiber reinforced RAC showed better performance as compared to plain RAC. Results also depict positive influence of synthetic fiber addition on the residual flexural tensile strength of concrete. Approximately, 129% and 380% rise in toughness index and fracture energy was also observed for 1% fiber incorporation in RAC. Moreover, scanning electron microscopic analysis also confirmed the synthetic fiber-mortar bond. Therefore, synthetic fibers enhance the post-cracking and mechanical performance of fiber reinforced RAC resulting into more ductile and energy absorbing sustainable concrete.

ACS Style

Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Muhammad Junaid Munir; Yufei Wu; Indubhushan Patnaikuni. Mechanical and Post-Cracking Performance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Incorporating Synthetic Fibers. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2020, 829, 1 .

AMA Style

Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi, Muhammad Junaid Munir, Yufei Wu, Indubhushan Patnaikuni. Mechanical and Post-Cracking Performance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Incorporating Synthetic Fibers. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020; 829 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Muhammad Junaid Munir; Yufei Wu; Indubhushan Patnaikuni. 2020. "Mechanical and Post-Cracking Performance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Incorporating Synthetic Fibers." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 829, no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 19 May 2020 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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Costly and non-environment-friendly methods are used to improve the inferior behavior of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). Conversely, the strength enrichment of concrete due to confinement provided by lateral reinforcement is ignored in the design of concrete compression members. The focus of this study is to investigate the role of pre-existing transverse reinforcement and different design strengths of concrete on the stress strain behavior of RAC. For this reason, stress-strain behavior of spiral steel confined concrete specimens having variable confinement pressure, recycled aggregates (RA) replacement percentage and design strength is investigated. The results show a drop in compressive strength of concrete with the increase in replacement percentage of RA. However, steel confinement has a positive role to counterbalance the adverse effect of RA replacement on concrete strength. Improved ductility and stress-strain behavior of RAC are observed with the increase in confinement pressure. Based on the results, the un-utilized pre-existing steel spiral reinforcement in the concrete compression members can offset the inferior performance of RAC resulting into sustainable and cost-effective construction.

ACS Style

Muhammad Junaid Munir; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Yufei Wu; Indubushan Patnaikuni. Influence of Concrete Strength on the Stress-Strain Behavior of Spirally Confined Recycled Aggregate Concrete. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2020, 829, 1 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Junaid Munir, Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi, Yufei Wu, Indubushan Patnaikuni. Influence of Concrete Strength on the Stress-Strain Behavior of Spirally Confined Recycled Aggregate Concrete. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020; 829 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Junaid Munir; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Yufei Wu; Indubushan Patnaikuni. 2020. "Influence of Concrete Strength on the Stress-Strain Behavior of Spirally Confined Recycled Aggregate Concrete." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 829, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 21 April 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Recycling rubber in the production of structural concrete is not considered a feasible option due to a significant reduction in the strength and elastic modulus of concrete. A novel concrete casting method is developed in this work that can greatly increase the strength and elastic modulus of rubber concrete. The mix design used in the study is the same as that for natural aggregate concrete (NAC), apart from replacing some of the natural coarse aggregate (NCA) by chipped rubber. Concrete specimens were cast with 0–100% chipped rubber in replacement of NCA. The fresh rubber concrete was then condensed in a specially designed mold to compress the volume of wet concrete for a period of time before demolding. Stress-strain behaviour of compressed and uncompressed rubber concrete specimens was evaluated and compared with the NAC specimens. Results show that improved stress-strain behaviour i.e., higher compressive strength and elastic modulus, are observed for compressed rubber concrete specimens as compared with uncompressed specimens, which show the effectiveness of the compression technique in enhancing the performance of rubber concrete. Compressed rubber concrete specimens with a 20% replacement ratio of chipped rubber show 35% and 29% increase in strength and elastic modulus as compared with NAC specimens, respectively. Based on the results, up to 30% of NCA can be replaced by chipped rubber to obtain compressed rubber concrete with the compressive strength and elastic modulus greater or similar to those of NAC. The proposed method encourages the utilization of waste rubber in concrete and can be easily adopted by the precast industry to manufacture precast concrete products leading towards sustainable and environment-friendly construction.

ACS Style

Yu-Fei Wu; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Muhammad Junaid Munir; Yingwu Zhou; Feng Xing. Effect of compression casting method on the compressive strength, elastic modulus and microstructure of rubber concrete. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 264, 121746 .

AMA Style

Yu-Fei Wu, Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi, Muhammad Junaid Munir, Yingwu Zhou, Feng Xing. Effect of compression casting method on the compressive strength, elastic modulus and microstructure of rubber concrete. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 264 ():121746.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu-Fei Wu; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Muhammad Junaid Munir; Yingwu Zhou; Feng Xing. 2020. "Effect of compression casting method on the compressive strength, elastic modulus and microstructure of rubber concrete." Journal of Cleaner Production 264, no. : 121746.

Journal article
Published: 23 January 2020 in Cement and Concrete Composites
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Improvement of concrete strength owing to confinement by lateral reinforcement is disregarded in the current concrete design practice. The focus of this study is to use the pre-existing lateral reinforcement to enhance the behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). The stress strain performance of steel spiral confined concrete specimens with different confinement pressure, recycled aggregates (RA) replacement ratio and target strength is studied. The results show a decrease in compressive strength of concrete with the rise in RA replacement ratio. Around 43, 37 and 33% drop in the strength is observed for 100% RA replacement ratio having different target strengths of NAC (i.e., 25, 40 and 60 MPa). However, steel confinement has a positive role to offset the negative effect of RA on strength. The rise in the confinement pressure results in improved ductility and stress strain behaviour of RAC. Due to scant research work related to steel spiral confined RAC, existing models cannot estimate the stress strain performance of steel spiral confined RAC effectively. Therefore, a new model is developed in this study, considering a large experimental program. The newly developed model can be effectively used to predict the stress strain performance of both steel spiral confined normal aggregate concrete and RAC, which provides guidelines for the design of RAC members. Furthermore, a relationship is also developed to determine the allowable content of RA for given confinement without affecting the concrete strength, which may be used to decide the allowable content of RA in designing the RAC compression members.

ACS Style

Muhammad Junaid Munir; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Yu-Fei Wu; Indubhushan Patnaikuni; Yingwu Zhou; Feng Xing. Stress strain performance of steel spiral confined recycled aggregate concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites 2020, 108, 103535 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Junaid Munir, Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi, Yu-Fei Wu, Indubhushan Patnaikuni, Yingwu Zhou, Feng Xing. Stress strain performance of steel spiral confined recycled aggregate concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2020; 108 ():103535.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Junaid Munir; Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Yu-Fei Wu; Indubhushan Patnaikuni; Yingwu Zhou; Feng Xing. 2020. "Stress strain performance of steel spiral confined recycled aggregate concrete." Cement and Concrete Composites 108, no. : 103535.

Journal article
Published: 27 August 2019 in Cement and Concrete Composites
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Recycling of construction and demolition waste in the concrete is considered a sustainable way However, recycled aggregates (RA) with inferior properties are produced after recycling as compared to natural aggregates. This study aims to improve the performance of RA by utilizing different treatment methods and to evaluate the properties of the resulting recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). For this purpose, five different treatment techniques of RA, such as carbonation, acetic acid immersion, acetic acid immersion with mechanical rubbing, acetic acid immersion with carbonation and lime immersion with carbonation are adopted during the study. Different mechanical tests are performed to investigate the effect of different RA treatment techniques on the mechanical properties of RAC with treated and untreated RA. Increase in split tensile strength and flexural strength along with improved stress-strain behavior of RAC is observed for treated RA as compared to untreated RA. The stress-strain behavior of RAC having RA treated through acetic acid immersion with mechanical rubbing and lime immersion with carbonation is observed very close to the stress-strain curves of natural aggregate concrete reflecting the positive impact of these RA treatment techniques on the performance of RAC. Moreover, empirical relations to predict different mechanical properties and stress-strain model of RAC with both treated and untreated RA are also developed in this work. A comparative study of the existing and proposed models with the test results indicates that the proposed relations and model can effectively predict the mechanical behavior of RAC with both treated and untreated RA.

ACS Style

Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Muhammad Junaid Munir; Yu-Fei Wu; Indubhushan Patnaikuni; Yingwu Zhou; Feng Xing. Influence of different treatment methods on the mechanical behavior of recycled aggregate concrete: A comparative study. Cement and Concrete Composites 2019, 104, 103398 .

AMA Style

Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi, Muhammad Junaid Munir, Yu-Fei Wu, Indubhushan Patnaikuni, Yingwu Zhou, Feng Xing. Influence of different treatment methods on the mechanical behavior of recycled aggregate concrete: A comparative study. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2019; 104 ():103398.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi; Muhammad Junaid Munir; Yu-Fei Wu; Indubhushan Patnaikuni; Yingwu Zhou; Feng Xing. 2019. "Influence of different treatment methods on the mechanical behavior of recycled aggregate concrete: A comparative study." Cement and Concrete Composites 104, no. : 103398.