The valuation of real estate is a fundamental process for the proper functioning of the market and the formulation of public policies. The mother of the traditional methodologies is the comparative method, which is based on data that is often incomplete or unreliable, especially in real estate markets with limited transparency. In contrast, online advertisements offer a wealth of unstructured information, which requires advanced analysis techniques. Even if they reflect price demands rather than real estate’s final market values, they provide a wealth of data that is particularly useful for market transparency. Real estate advertisements are also enriched with photographs and videos of the property. This paper proposes a methodological framework that integrates artificial intelligence techniques (natural language processing and computer vision) to extract structured features from text and photographs of advertisements. The resulting dataset feeds the comparative method of property valuation, applied to thousands of properties. Geographic analysis and neighborhood characteristics of properties enrich the proposed algorithm, covering all the available geodata that affect real estate values. The empirical analysis of apartments in the city of Thessaloniki demonstrates significant improvements in valuation accuracy and the completeness of the characteristics. At the same time, the prediction of the energy class of properties, among other traits that the proposed methodology can accurately calculate, further enriches the valuation process. The work highlights the potential integration of artificial intelligence into modern valuation practice, offering a transparent, scalable, and auditable tool for professionals and policymakers.

Tourism has become a structural driver of land-system transformation, influencing urban restructuring, rural land consumption, coastal development, and housing dynamics. Although tourism sustainability has received growing scholarly attention, less systematic evidence exists on how land governance and spatial planning frameworks mediate tourism-related land-use change. This study presents a systematic review of peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2000 and 2025 examining the relationship between spatial planning, land-use regulation, and tourism development. Following PRISMA guidelines, a structured search strategy and multi-stage screening process were applied using predefined inclusion and quality criteria, resulting in a final dataset of 58 studies. The findings indicate that tourism-driven land transformation is shaped by interconnected governance layers, including statutory planning instruments, institutional coordination mechanisms, and land administration infrastructures. However, these dimensions are rarely analyzed within an integrated framework. By synthesizing tourism planning and land administration scholarship through a land governance perspective, this review clarifies how regulatory tools and administrative systems interact in shaping spatial outcomes across scales. The study offers a structured basis for future comparative research and for more coherent policy responses to tourism-related land governance challenge.

Major infrastructure investments alter accessibility and urban development patterns, yet their impact on housing prices varies significantly across regions. The prevailing interpretation attributes this heterogeneity to supply differences or regulatory constraints, treating land use regulations as exogenous variables. Nevertheless, even two regions with a nominally similar regulatory framework may produce substantially different outcomes in the housing market, depending on the effectiveness of rule implementation. This paper argues that this approach overlooks a critical variable: the ability of regional authorities to coordinate, regulate, permit, and implement spatial development in a predictable and timely manner. In line with this, a conceptual framework is developed, grounded in the literature on spatial and multi-level governance, in which regional institutional capacity is proposed as a potential mediator of capitalization around project milestones (announcement, funding, construction, operation), rather than as a backdrop. This capacity shapes outcomes through three interrelated dimensions: the responsiveness of supply, which depends on administrative capacity and regulatory consistency; the coherence of governance across jurisdictions within functional urban areas; and the management of land value through land value capture instruments. From this framework, testable propositions are derived regarding the intensity, timing, and spatial distribution of price effects. The study does not empirically estimate changes in housing prices, nor does it test the propositions put forward. Instead, it develops the conceptual framework and organizes the spatial and institutional units of observation required for a subsequent empirical test. The framework is specified spatially through Section A, Line 4 of the Athens Metro to organize the project’s spatial units, administrative jurisdictions, land uses, and milestones for future analysis. The contribution is threefold: conceptual, as it elevates regional institutional capacity from a contextual to an explanatory variable; theoretical, in that it bridges urban economics with the governance literature; and policy-relevant, since it repositions the reform of regional governance as a constituent element of housing policy and as a factor that may shape sustainable spatial development outcomes.

The 15-min city (15 MC) is an urban planning concept that organizes cities through proximity-based systems, enabling residents to access essential services within a 15-min walk or cycle. Although the health and environmental benefits of this model are well documented, its effects on the real estate market have received limited attention. This paper examines the impact of 15-min proximity-based urban planning models on land use patterns, property values, and sociospatial interactions in urban settings. It adopts a scoping review approach (structured mapping and synthesis of the available literature) and, using a transparent source selection process (PRISMA-ScR), compiles evidence on how functional accessibility, mixed uses, and proximity to green/public spaces affect prices and rents in residential and/or commercial real estate. The synthesis shows that proximity is often capitalized as a proximity premium, but it can exacerbate inequalities and displacement risks without accompanying regulatory mechanisms. Based on the findings, an operational spatial–economic framework is proposed that links (a) planning interventions, (b) functional accessibility, (c) behavioral adaptation, (d) market valuation reactions, and (e) governance/redistribution tools (e.g., land value capture, inclusionary zoning), as a diagnostic tool for assessing surplus value and displacement risk and as a basis for future GIS/hedonic testing.

Urban public spaces function as complex social and spatial systems, serving as fundamental elements in preserving cultural heritage and fostering democratic participation and urban stability. The dominant valuation methods depend on economic principles that prioritize financial returns and property values over social, ecological, and cultural aspects. This study examines the distinction between social value, which is based on personal experiences and social connections, and fair value, which relies on market operations and financial regulations. The research investigates how valuation practices affect spatial justice and urban governance through a conceptual framework and four empirical case studies: Syntagma Square in Athens, the metro station areas, the city of Barcelona, and waterfront redevelopment projects in Thessaloniki, London, and Mumbai. The official valuation systems we studied conceal the political elements of space while preserving social inequalities and forcing out the requirements of local communities. The proposed solution establishes an integrative, pluralist valuation system that incorporates qualitative, temporal, and ethical elements, supporting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the New Urban Agenda. The framework transforms public space discussions from commercialized urban resources into communal civic systems, creating sustainable cities for all.