The aim of this paper is to identify the conditions (both technical and non-technical) that determine the development of vacuum tube high-speed train technology. We employ technological roadmapping as a method. With this method, we analyze the planned process of the development of vacuum tube high-speed train technology in Poland. We have identified 65 conditions. They have been segregated into 4 groups (namely, legal, technological, economic, and social) and 20 development paths. These conditions are visible in the roadmap picturing the development process of vacuum tube high-speed train technology. Among the identified determinants, technical factors dominate; they relate to line infrastructure, stations, and vehicles. However, the development of technology is determined by legal, economic, and social conditions as well. Our study indicates that the successful implementation of the technology requires the management of all of the determining conditions and the mitigation of the impact of those that may be limited to others. The unveiled connotations among the examined factors can be implied by the decision-makers who are responsible for the development of transport infrastructure and vacuum tube high-speed train technology.

The paper concerns the conception of vector evaluation of technical systems' dependability. It was proposed to rank the terms concerning the basic features of systems' performances. For the evaluation of the indicators, it was proposed to apply linguistic measures, quantified in various ways depending on the type of the system.

The growing importance of environmental technologies in a circular economy requires the use of tools that allow a realistic assessment of their economic efficiency. Classical investment indicators, such as NPV or IRR, are proving inadequate in the case of installations whose main objective is not to maximise profit but to reduce waste and emissions. There is a lack of tools in the literature that would allow for an unambiguous assessment of the unit cost of waste treatment, taking into account the life cycle of the installation and market conditions. This study aims to assess the feasibility of using the Levelised Cost of Waste (LCOW) indicator, modelled on the Levelised Cost of Energy (LCOE) from the energy sector, as a planning and decision-making tool in the waste management sector. In this study, an LCOW calculation model was developed and applied to analyse textile waste pyrolysis technology. Simulations were conducted for three plant scales (1000, 5000, and 10,000 Mg/year), and a sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the LCOW and by-product prices, energy costs, capital expenditures, and CO₂ emissions. The results confirm that the LCOW is a helpful tool for determining tariffs, identifying subsidy thresholds and comparing technology options. Its application is particularly well suited to small-scale environmental investments where classical approaches fail.