Potato-based reconstituted rice represents an innovative staple food solution that addresses nutritional and economic challenges. Using fresh potatoes instead of potato flour eliminates nutrient loss and reduces energy costs associated with traditional processing methods. This study examined reconstituted rice produced from the yellow-fleshed ‘Dianshu 1428’ and purple-fleshed ‘Diancaishu 101’ potato varieties, comparing their nutritional and aromatic profiles with commercial rice-based alternatives. The results demonstrated significant nutritional advantages: potato-based reconstituted rice contains 3 g/100 g dietary fiber, a five-fold higher potassium content, and 11–12 times more iron than conventional rice-based reconstituted rice. Unique aroma compounds, including methional, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, α-ionone, and (E,E)-2,6-nonadienal, impart distinctive potato, nutty, fruity, and fatty flavors. Yellow-fleshed varieties contributed 14.1 μg/100 g carotenoids, while purple-fleshed varieties provided 45 mg/100 g anthocyanins. These findings establish that potato-based reconstituted rice offers a superior nutritional composition and unique sensory characteristics compared to traditional alternatives, providing scientific guidance for the selection of the potato variety and product optimization in developing nutritionally enhanced potato staple foods with specific functional and sensory attributes.

Potato cyst nematode (PCN; Globodera spp.) is an internationally quarantined pest threatening potato production in Yunnan, Sichuan, and Guizhou, China. We screened 418 potato accessions using markers 57R (H1), Gro1-4(Gro1-4), and Gpa2-2(Gpa2). Detection frequencies were 40.43% (Gpa2-2), 14.35% (57R), and 3.11% (Gro1-4); 50.48% carried at least one marker, 7.42% carried two markers, and none carried all three. Based on marker genotypes, nine representative accessions (five H1-carrying, two Gpa2-only, two marker-free) were field-tested in a nursery infested with Globodera rostochiensis. All five H1-carrying accessions showed no cyst formation (RF = 0), indicating high resistance. The Gpa2-only accessions had RF values of 0.37 and 0.58, indicating partial resistance, although Gpa2 mainly targets Globodera pallida. Marker-free accessions were susceptible (RF ≥ 0.79). According to international criteria (RF < 0.1 considered highly resistant), five accessions—‘Dianshu 1208’, ‘Dianshu 14023’, ‘Dianshu 1520’, ‘Diancaishu 102’, and ‘Atlantic’—were confirmed to be highly resistant. These results indicate that H1 is associated with effective resistance to G. rostochiensis in the tested accessions and highlight the value of combining marker-assisted selection with field validation for reliable PCN resistance identification.