The World Health Organization (WHO) reported an estimated 241 million malaria cases with nearly half of the world’s population at risk in 2020. Since time immemorial, malaria has been one of the most endemic parasitic diseases, which has caused a great menace to public health. This infectious disease has spread worldwide, with a cumulative mortality rate. Despite the significant developments in the healthcare sector, parasitic infectious diseases still exist, causing life-threatening diseases and leading to high mortality and morbidity rates worldwide. This review article discussed Malaria as a public health endemic infection in general while exposing the associated past and present issues. This is done using articles published in peer-reviewed journals.The endemic nature of malaria was investigated through the past and present issues in its prevalence, multiple causative agents and epidemiological survey. Its morbidity and mortality rate, especially in Africa, where poverty and many other favorable conditions have proven it life-threatening and a serious public health concern. Investigation on the report of various drug resistance to malaria treatment, wide association with other infectious diseases which could aggravate malaria pathogenicity and pose a threat on diagnosis; culminate into a more threat. However, the investigation into various management, prevention and control practices in many African countries has given a glimpse of hope in mitigating endemic malaria

Background: Monkeypox is a rare disease caused by infection with the Monkeypox virus (MPXV). Although monkeypox existed and declined in the past, its re-emergence is simultaneous with the rise in cases recently.Methods: This study utilized a non-interventional, anonymous, self-administered web-based survey through a descriptive cross-sectional design to collect data from medical/health students (undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate students). The E-questionnaire was administered from 22nd July to 5th August through social media, and the data collected and extracted through an excel spreadsheet was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0.Results: A total of 203 respondents were obtained from 22nd July to 5th August, out of which 109 (53.7%) were females, 92 (45.3%) were males with 18-25 years (63.5%), 25-30 years (26.6%), <30 years (7.4%) and <18 years (2.5%) age groups. Of the total respondents, 94.1% have heard about monkeypox before, 59.1% believed that monkeypox could be managed, 80.8% believed that monkeypox is zoonotic but can be transferred from human to human, and the majority (60.1%) are aware of the symptoms of monkeypox.Conclusions: Medical/health students across social media show a relatively high knowledge of the Monkeypox virus with significant knowledge gap regarding the evolving epidemiologic and clinical manifestations, and the variety of components implicated in monkeypox transmission. Nonetheless, the knowledge is to be sustained and reinforced through continued awareness on social media and in rural areas with a high percentage of basic internet coverage and literacy. In order to direct proper surveillance, data collecting, readiness, and response operations, public health/surveillance capacities in Nigeria must be urgently developed.

Background: Malaria is a major public health problem and cause of much suffering and premature death in the poorer areas of tropical Africa, Asia and Latin America. This study investigated the incidence of malaria parasites among symptomatic patients in 44 Nigerian Army Reference Hospital, Kaduna State.Method: 100 blood samples were collected from patients attending 44NARHK. A thick and thin film were made using these samples and then stained using the 10% giemsa solution and then viewed under the microscope. Questionnaires were distributed to patients in order to identify the risk factors that makes the plasmodium specie thrive in the human body.Results: A total number of hundred (100) blood samples were collected from patients who showed symptoms of malaria and was tested using the microscopic examination of blood. Of the 100 samples that were examined, 23 were positive giving an incidence rate of 23%. The incidence of malaria parasites among the patients was significantly associated with gender; females had the highest incidence of 56.5%, the age group of 19-30years had an incidence rate of 43% and the genotype AA also had the highest incidence of 73.9%.Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the incidence of malaria parasite in patient who showed symptoms like fever/headache, also the geographical location and environmental condition of patients contributes to breeding of the malaria vector. Hence, the study recommends that more work be done on the vector and the parasites.