Mobile phone addiction is a type of technological addiction or nonsubstance addiction. The present study was conducted with the objectives of developing and validating a mobile phone addiction scale in medical students and to assess the burden and factors associated with mobile phone addiction-like behavior. A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students aged ≥18 years studying in a medical college in New Delhi, India from December 2016 to May 2017. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Mobile phone addiction was assessed using a self-designed 20-item Mobile Phone Addiction Scale (MPAS). Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 17. The study comprised of 233 (60.1%) male and 155 (39.9%) female medical students with a mean age of 20.48 years. MPAS had a high level of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.90). Bartlett's test of sphericity was statistically significant (P < 0.0001), indicating that the MPAS data were likely factorizable. A principal component analysis found strong loadings on items relating to four components: harmful use, intense desire, impaired control, and tolerance. A subsequent two-stage cluster analysis of all the 20-items of the MPAS classified 155 (39.9%) students with mobile phone addiction-like behavior that was lower in adolescent compared to older students, but there was no significant difference across gender. Mobile phone use with increasing adoption of smartphones promotes an addiction-like behavior that is evolving as a public health problem in a large proportion of Indian youth.

AIM To assess the adherence to self-care practices, glycemic status and influencing factors in diabetes patients. METHODS This was a cross-sectional observational analysis of baseline data from a quasi-experimental study conducted among 375 diabetic patients aged between 18 to 65 years at a major public tertiary care centre in New Delhi, India during February-September' 2016. The Summary of Diabetes Self-care activities measure was used to assess medical adherence in diabetic patients. Open ended questions were used to identify facilitators and inhibitors of medical adherence. RESULTS Mean age of the study subjects was 49.7 +/- 10.2 years. A total of 201 men and 174 women were enrolled in the study. Three hundred nine (82.4%) subjects were adherent to their intake of anti-diabetic medication. On binary logistic regression, education level below primary school completion and absence of hypertension comorbidity were found to be independent predictors of medication non-adherence. Sociocultural resistance was an important factor impeding outdoor exercise among younger women. Knowledge of diabetes in the study subjects was low with mean score of 3.1 +/- 2 ( maximum score = 10). Suboptimal glycemic control was found in 259 (69%) subjects which was significantly more likely in patients on Insulin therapy compared to those on Oral Hypoglycemic agents alone (P < 0.006). DISCUSSION Our study found a large gap existed between self-reported medication adherence and glycemic control. This suggests the need for enhanced physician focus for diabetic patient management.

Dengue surveillance data in India are limited and probably substantially underestimate the burden of disease. A community-based study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of dengue-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in children across India and to examine historical dengue exposure rates. Potential associations between socio-economic factors and dengue seroprevalence were also assessed (registered at ctri.nic.in: CTRI/2011/12/002243). A convenience sample of 2609 healthy children aged 5-10 years was enrolled; these children were registered at or were living in the vicinity of eight centres located at six geographically distinct sites across India. Blood samples were drawn to test for the presence of dengue IgG antibodies using ELISA. Serotype-specific neutralizing antibody titres were measured in dengue IgG-positive children using dengue plaque reduction neutralization tests. Socio-demographic and household information was collected using a questionnaire. Overall, 2558/2609 children had viable samples with laboratory results for dengue IgG. Dengue IgG seroprevalence across all sites was 59.6% (95% confidence interval 57.7-61.5%): the lowest (23.2%) was in Kalyani, West Bengal, and the highest (80.1%) was in Mumbai. Seroprevalence increased with age. Multivariate analysis suggested associations with household water storage/supply and type of housing. Half of the subjects with positive IgG results presented a multitypic profile, indicating previous exposure to more than one serotype. The overall dengue seroprevalence suggests that dengue endemicity in India is comparable to that in highly endemic countries of Southeast Asia. Additional prospective studies are required to fully quantify the disease burden, in order to support evidence-based policies for dengue prevention and control in India.

Context: Identification of risk factors of diabetes is required among youth as diabetes in young persons is now spreading in epidemic proportions. Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) is a validated and cost- effective tool to identify risk of diabetes among population. Aims: Present study was conducted among young medical students to assess risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using the IDRS and to study association of risk of diabetes with other factors. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 290 first grade medical students from July 2017 to December 2017. A semi-structured interview schedule was developed for data collection. Written informed consent was taken. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. 'P' < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: A total of 290 medical students were included in the study. IDRS categorization revealed 77%, 22% and 1% students in low-, moderate- and high-risk category, respectively. Statistically significant association of moderate-high diabetes risk with male gender, positive family history of diabetes, no/mild physical activity and body mass index (BMI) ≥23 kg/m² was seen. Conclusion: Present study findings has brought forth that large number (23%) of young medical students were in moderate-high risk category of developing T2DM and health professionals should be more vigilant in young obese males with minimal physical activity and positive family history of disease. Hence, there is a pressing need for bringing out behaviour change communication among young medical students so that risk reduction strategies and lifestyle changes can be implemented in early years of their lives.

Background: Menopause is defined as the time of cessation of ovarian function resulting in permanent amenorrhea. Menopause is associated with various symptoms such as physical, vasomotor, sexual, and psychological symptoms. Depression is a common symptom in postmenopausal women as menopause is associated with the end of the fertile period of a women's life. Menopause is an important subject to study as due to increase in life expectancy and improved health care delivery number of postmenopausal women is significantly increasing. Objectives: The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of depression and its association with sociodemographic factors in postmenopausal women in an urban resettlement colony of Delhi. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 580 postmenopausal women who were resident of Gokulpuri in North-East Delhi, using a predesigned, pretested, and semi-structured interview schedule. Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) scale was used to find out the prevalence of depression. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-22 version. Results: In our study, 58.4% postmenopausal women were normal with no depression, 38.3% were in a mild depression, and 3.3% women were having moderate depression. Depression was more prevalent in women belonging to the younger age group, lower socioeconomic status, and illiterate women. Furthermore, the prevalence of depression was more in women who were divorced or widow. Conclusions: Study revealed prevalence of depression in significant number of postmenopausal women. To improve the quality of life of women in postmenopausal period, diagnosis of depression and relevant influencing factors is important.

Aim: To assess the prevalence and correlates of current smoking, awareness of hazards, and quitting behavior among smokers 30 years and above. Materials and Methods: Study design: Cross-sectional; Setting: Gokulpuri, a resettlement colony in East Delhi, India; Sample size: 911, persons aged 30 years and above using systematic random sampling; Study tools: Semi-structured questionnaire. Results: Prevalence of current smoking was found to be 24.6% (95% CI 21.90 - 27.49). Majority 198 (88.4%) of current smokers smoked bidi exclusively, and on an average 13.5 bidi/cigarette were smoked per day. Multivariate analysis showed the factors associated with current smoking as male sex, advancing age, illiteracy, skilled occupation, low socio-economic status, and low BMI (P < 0.001). 64.2% were aware of the hazards of smoking. 63 (21.9%) had quit smoking in the past, majority due to the health problems. Low educational status was associated with poor hazard awareness and quitting behavior. Conclusion: Smoking is a significant problem among poor and illiterate males, shows an increasing trend with an advancing age and is directly associated with skilled occupation and low BMI. There are significant gaps in knowledge regarding hazards of smoking.