This study developed an integrated model to explore the antecedents and consequences of online word-of-mouth in the context of music-related communica

We show that the far-field beam spreading and direction of partially coherent Gaussian–Schell model (GSM) beams are independent on the spatial coherence of the source through non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence, which has potential applications in long-distance free-space optical communication. The effects of spatial coherence, exponent value α, and inner scale and outer scale of atmospheric turbulence on beam spreading are studied in details. The GSM beam has greater spreading for smaller inner scale or bigger outer scale through non-Kolmogorov turbulent atmosphere.