Purpose This research aims to explore the transmission of seismic surface waves through a two magneto-strictive materials i.e. cobalt ferrite and Terfenol-D when embedded in a plate-substrate configuration with non-ideal interface. The study focuses on understanding the impact of width of the plates, imperfect parameter, heterogeneity parameter on both the materials cobalt ferrite and Terfenol-D under magnetically open and short conditions. Methodology To achieve this, the study employs a variable-separable technique following Direct Sturm-Liouville method and appropriate boundary conditions to derive frequency relations for both magnetically open and short circuit scenarios. Numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the effects of width of the plates, imperfect parameter, heterogeneity parameter on both the materials cobalt ferrite and Terfenol-D under magnetically open and short conditions. Findings The research findings indicate that the phase velocity is increasing more in Terfenol-D as compared to Cobalt ferrite, either the case magnetically open or closed. Graphical comparisons highlight the impact of width plates, imperfect parameter, heterogeneity parameter on the characteristics on wave propagation clearly. Research limitations The study is confined to linear wave propagation and does not consider nonlinear effects. Additionally, the analysis is based on idealized material properties and interface conditions. Practical implications The results of this research can contribute to the design and optimization of sensors, energy harvesters, and wave manipulation devices utilizing piezomagnetic materials. Understanding the behaviour of surface waves in these structures is crucial for their effective application. Originality This study offers a comprehensive analysis of surface wave propagation in two different types of piezomagnetic composite structure by considering heterogeneity and interface conditions. The comparative study of different piezomagnetic models and the incorporation of heterogeneity and interface conditions contribute to the originality of the research.

Purpose. This paper examines Love-type wave transmission in a multilayered piezomagnetic (PM) and heterogeneous half-space (HHS) structure with a viscoelastic layer (VL) on top. Wave transmission behaviour is examined in magnetically open (MO) and magnetically closed (MS) circuit boundary conditions. The main study focuses on the dispersion behaviour of phase velocity of a Love-type wave influenced by the combination of VL, PM and HHS. The dispersion relation for Love-type waves was determined analytically, and phase velocity graphs were plotted and analysed using numerical simulations with Mathematica software. A comprehensive study was conducted to acquire the effects of significant variables on phase velocity, including material heterogeneity, piezomagnetic coupling, and viscoelastic layer thickness. The research results show the attenuation properties of the VL, PM, and HHS materials in MO and MS situations. Graphical comparisons show that piezomagnetic coupling caused the phase velocity curves to alter regularly, indicating its importance in wave propagation. The open and short circuit situations had nearly identical phase velocity, demonstrating that boundary limitations have little effect on how waves propagate. The model is limited to linear wave transmission and ignores nonlinear effects. Furthermore, the approach is based on idealized material qualities, which account for heterogeneity. The study’s findings can help build and improve energy harvesters, sensors, and wave manipulation instruments that use PM with viscoelastic coatings. Understanding the behaviour of surface waves is required for effective use in these structures. This article investigates Love-type surface wave transmission in a VL-PM-HHS composite structure that includes a viscoelastic layer, piezomagnetic material, and a heterogeneous half-space. It explores how material heterogeneity, piezomagnetic coupling, and viscoelastic attenuation affect phase velocity under magnetic circumstances.

This study compares the transference of surface seismic waves at the loosely bonded interface of a visco-piezo composite structure using two materials, lanthanum niobate (LiNbO ₃ ) and aluminium nitride (AIN). The structure comprises a viscoelastic layer bonded to a piezoelectric substrate, incorporating the flexoelectric effect. The shear response of the upper layer is modelled using three rheological models: Kelvin–Voigt, Maxwell and Newton. An analytical separable variable method is employed to derive complex dispersion relations for both electrically open- and short-circuit conditions. The numerical analysis focuses on the influence of key parameters, such as bonding conditions and interfacial parameters, on phase velocity and attenuation coefficients in both materials. Results indicate that AIN shows higher phase velocities, while LiNbO ₃ demonstrates a stronger impact on attenuation, particularly in the Kelvin–Voigt model. In addition, the flexoelectric effect significantly alters the wave behaviour in both materials, impacting both phase velocity and attenuation. This comparison reveals important differences in wave propagation behaviour, which is crucial for the development of devices like sensors, actuators and energy harvesters. The study offers new insights into piezo-flexo coupling and its potential applications in advanced piezoelectric systems.