A new genus and species of fossil hemerobiid, Longantenna hei gen. et sp. nov., is described from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. This new genus exhibits the venation characters combination of RP with only one stem and the forewing ScP and RA separated, resembling the extinct genus Hemeroberotha Makarkin & Gröhn, 2020 from the same assemblage, meanwhile it shows more differences from the other Mesozoic and Cenozoic hemerobiid genera. Besides, the ORBs variations among the extinct and extant hemerobiids are discussed.

The form and change of animal biogeography reflects the long-term interplay between organisms and their environment, involving physiological limitation, dispersal capability, and adaptive evolution versus plate tectonics, global climatic shifts, and changing landscapes. This is especially manifest for lineages with extended geological histories, which, therefore, evokes questions as to the associated processes producing such patterns. Insects, as the earliest flying animals, have exceptional abilities for expanding their range and habitats and to avoid detrimental conditions. They are ideal for exploring historical biogeography augmented via adaptation. Here, we employ beaded lacewings as a model to explore such patterns and likely processes, particularly given that they differ notably from the commonly observed pattern of a latitudinal diversity gradient. Furthermore, owing to their good fossil record it can be observed that their distributions varied remarkably through time. Ecological niche modeling and evaluation demonstrate their niche variation and niche breadth expansion intermittently accompanying global climate change. However, different niche relevant variables changed under patterns of either phylogenetic conservatism or evolutionary lability. By assessing wing morphological disparity and modeling flight aerodynamics, we uncovered a continuous improvement of flight efficiency through beaded-lacewing history as well as a Paleogene divergence in strategy, which reveals a long-term associated path with the niche variation. Our results unveil the adaptive evolution and dispersal history of beaded lacewings through 170 My, achieved by dynamic strategies in niche shift and flight adaptation as responses to a changing planet.

One new genus and species of Ithonidae, Cretithone zhangi gen. et sp. nov., is described from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber. Cretithone gen. nov. is distinguished from other fossil ithonids by the combination of the following characteristics: exceptionally broad costal space; proximal branches of RP fused into a single vein and then fused with M; medial branches of RP fused with each other; simple basal M, with marginal forks; CuA divided into two main branches, the anterior branch with posteriorly directed subbranches and the posterior branch with anteriorly directed subbranches; and most proximal branches of CuP fused with adjacent branches. The new genus and species has been assigned to the Principiala genus-group by the fusion of the proximal branches of RP and the peculiar configuration of M and CuA. Variations in the forewing characteristics among the fossil ithonids are briefly discussed.