Steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) exhibits superior tensile and flexural strengths, crack resistance, compressive toughness, and ductility. These characteristics make SFRC attractive for precast beam joints, shear-critical regions without stirrups, and retrofitted overlays, thereby enabling composite members. However, the shear and flexural responses of such members often differ from monolithically cast elements. To clarify these effects, nine composite specimens and one cast-in-place control were tested under four-point bending. Key parameters, including load-bearing capacity, failure evolution, and failure modes, were documented, together with load–deformation behavior, reinforcement strains, and concrete deformations. Results showed that horizontal joints reduced shear resistance and altered crack propagation compared to monolithic beams. Incorporating 1.0% hooked-end steel fibers improved both shear and flexural performance. SFRC above the joint was more effective for shear, while SFRC in both zones improved flexure. The fully SFRC specimen without stirrups achieved 63% higher shear capacity than its NC counterpart, with ductility rising from 2.2 to 3.1. A 1.0% fiber dosage provided shear resistance equivalent to D8@200 stirrups, confirming the potential of SFRC to reduce transverse reinforcement. Analytical models, including a fiber beam–column element and strut-and-tie approach, showed reasonable agreement with experiments.