Effective recycling and utilization of waste glass is a critical issue that urgently needs to be addressed. This study aims to explore the feasibility of using ground waste glass powder (particle size ≤ 75 μm) as a supplementary cementitious material to partially replace cement in the preparation of low-carbon and environmentally friendly grouting materials. The research systematically evaluates the impact of waste glass powder (WGP) on the fresh properties (particularly the stability and rheological characteristics) of cement-based grouting materials under various conditions, including WGP content (0–40%), the addition of NaOH activator (Na₂O content of 4%) or not, and water–solid ratio (w/s = 0.5, 0.65, 0.8, 1.0). The results indicate that, in the absence of activator, the addition of WGP generally increases the amount of free liquid exudation in the grout, reducing its stability; however, under low w/s ratios, appropriate amounts of WGP can enhance stability. When the w/s ratio is high and the WGP content is large, the grout stability decreases significantly. The addition of NaOH activator (Na₂O content of 4%) significantly reduces free liquid exudation, enhancing the stability of the grout, especially when the w/s ratio is less than 1.0. Furthermore, the Herschel–Bulkley Model was experimentally validated to accurately describe the rheological behavior of waste glass–cement slurries, with all R² values exceeding 0.99. WGP and alkaline activator have significant effects on the rheological properties of the grout. Although they do not change its flow pattern, they significantly affect shear stress and viscosity. The viscosity of the slurry is influenced by the combined effects of w/s ratio, WGP content, and alkaline activator, with complex interactions among the three. The application of these research findings in the field of grouting engineering not only contributes to significantly reducing glass waste but also promotes the production of sustainable cement-based composites, lowering carbon dioxide emissions by reducing cement usage, and thereby alleviating environmental burdens.

Grouting technology is widely used in foundation treatment to achieve the uplifting and correction of buildings. In this context, analyzing the slurry diffusion mechanism and the resulting behavioral characteristics is crucial for guiding precise engineering design practices. This study utilized an independently developed grouting model testing system to conduct grouting experiments on sandy soil employing diverse grouting methodologies and infiltration diffusion patterns. The objectives were to elucidate the characteristics of grouting pressure, lifting displacement, and stress variations within the sandy soil. The findings indicate that slurry diffusion in sandy soil typically progresses through three distinct stages, exhibiting a cyclic pattern of “compaction–splitting–compaction”. We observed that the slurry diffusion pattern closely aligns with the trend of uplift displacement changes. Furthermore, a general downward trend was observed in the stress attenuation of sand during the grouting process. Marked disparities exist in the slurry diffusion mechanism and stress characteristics between point source and perforated pipe grouting. These research outcomes contribute significantly to advancing the theoretical understanding and experimental design of grouting techniques in sandy soil.

Argillaceous slate (AS) is a typical metamorphic rock with well-developed bedding, widely distributed globally. Its bedding structure significantly impacts slope stability assessment, and the challenges associated with slope anchoring and support arising from bedding characteristics have become a focal point in the engineering field. In this study, with bedding dip angle as the key variable, mechanical tests such as uniaxial compression, triaxial compression, direct shear, and Brazilian splitting tests were conducted on AS. Additionally, field anchoring grouting diffusion tests on AS slopes were carried out. The aim is to investigate the basic mechanical properties of AS and the grout diffusion law under different bedding dip angles. The research results indicate that the bedding dip angle has a remarkable influence on the failure mode, stress–strain curve, and mechanical indices such as compressive strength and elastic modulus of AS specimens. The stress–strain curves in uniaxial and triaxial tests, as well as the stress-displacement curve in the Brazilian splitting test, all undergo four stages: crack closure, elastic deformation, crack propagation, and post-peak failure. As the bedding dip angle increases, the uniaxial and triaxial compressive strengths and elastic modulus first decrease and then increase, while the splitting tensile strength continuously decreases. The consistency of the bedding in AS causes the grout to diffuse in a near-circular pattern on the bedding plane centered around the borehole. Among the factors affecting the diffusion range of the grout, the bedding dip angle and grouting angle have a relatively minor impact, while the grouting pressure has a significant impact. A correct understanding and grasp of the anisotropic characteristics of AS and the anchoring grouting diffusion law are of great significance for slope stability assessment and anchoring design in AS areas.