To address the issue of reducing noise in images containing mixed noise, a Volterra filtering method based on a Bat algorithm with velocity weight perturbation is proposed to optimize kernel parameters. The structural advantages of the Volterra filter (predictive performance, linear and nonlinear terms) are used to reduce the noise in these images. The dynamic velocity inertia-weight perturbation mechanism is used to improve the Bat algorithm’s optimization ability, while the kernel-parameter optimization and the noise reduction abilities of the Volterra filter are further improved. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the high-density mixed noise, comprising Gaussian and salt-and-pepper noise, can be filtered effectively by the proposed algorithm. Compared to traditional image-denoising methods, the proposed method outperforms other algorithms in removing mixed noise from images while preserving edge details. Within a specific noise intensity range, the greater the intensity of mixed noise in the image, the better the noise reduction performance of this filtering method. The method proposed in this paper is less affected by noise intensity. When the number of bats in the population and the number of iterations reach a certain value, the algorithm exhibits good convergence and stability.