The family plays an essential role in the life of an adolescent. Hence, an acceptable understanding and an evaluation of family functioning is fundamental for effective interventions with adolescents in the psychological, social, and educational fields. The main purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES IV), the Family Communication Scale (FCS), and the Family Satisfaction Scale (FSS), for assessing the family functioning of Spanish adolescents. The sample was comprised of 1187 adolescents between 14 -18 years old (49.96% boys and 50.04% girls; M = 16.17; SD = 1.31) from Castile and Leon (Spain), selected from 23 educational centers, 10 university degree courses, and 18 specific juvenile centers for adolescents with either family or behavioral problems. The scales of Balanced Cohesion, Balanced Flexibility and Disengaged showed good convergent validity, while Enmeshed, Rigid, and Chaotic did not. For this reason some items were removed, obtaining a shortened version of FACES IV, that demonstrated acceptable reliability, and good convergent and predictive validity. The FCS and FSS scales yielded excellent psychometric properties. The results confirmed the factorial structure of the FACES IV, its transcultural applicability, and its validity for different ages. The hypotheses of the circumplex model were confirmed, except for the dysfunctionality of two scales, Enmeshed and Rigid, that contrary to what was expected, showed positive correlations with Family Communication, Family Satisfaction, Balanced Cohesion, and Balanced Flexibility. In brief, our results present the FACES IV package as a useful instrument for the assessment of family functioning of Spanish adolescents. Future studies will be necessary to confirm the trend observed for the two aforementioned scales among adolescents.

In recent decades we are witnessing an important growth of clinical experiences based on the use of technology for the development of psychotherapy, we are in a period of research and theoretical development before the incorporation of an emerging resource and its integration into professional practice. Our work starts from a bibliographic search about online group psychotherapy through the most relevant publications to date, we made a synthesis of information about the advantages and disadvantages, results on its effectiveness. In addition, we provide a summary of our clinical experience in online group psychotherapy by video conference at the Day Hospital of the Psychiatry Service, analysing the results obtained on adherence to treatment and satisfaction of participants, in comparison with face-to-face group psychotherapy. In this study we compared the assistance in Day Hospital during the months of May and June 2019 (before the COVID-19 pandemic) in face-to-face group psychotherapy, with the assistance in online format in the same months in 2020. In this second group, we evaluated the subjective perception of satisfaction through an ad hoc questionnaire carried out by this group by merging previous questionnaires. We observe that attendance decreases significantly in the virtual group, not finding significant differences in the comparison of attendance by diagnostic group; that satisfaction with online psychotherapy is acceptable; and we observe the development of phenomena typical of group relationship in its virtual format.

En las últimas décadas, la familia ha experimentado una profunda transformación, tanto en su estructura como en sus funciones. La familia nuclear ha ido perdiendo su hegemonía en favor de otras formas de organización familiar: monoparental, homoparental, cohabitación, reconstituida, etc. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la relación entre estructura familiar y agresividad –rasgo de la personalidad o tendencia a actuar violentamente– en adolescentes españoles. Participaron 1196 adolescentes, de 14 a 18 años (M= 16.2; DT=1.3); 50% mujeres, procedentes de 23 centros educativos no universitarios, 10 grados universitarios y 18 centros de menores –que atienden a adolescentes con problemas familiares o conductuales– de Castilla y León (España). En los centros educativos no universitarios se realizó un muestreo en dos etapas, estratificado y por conglomerados. Para medir la agresividad se utilizó el Cuestionario de Agresividad de Buss y Perry (BPAQ). Los resultados señalan que en familias monoparentales y en familias monoparentales de madre, los adolescentes presentaron, respectivamente, mayor agresividad física y mayor hostilidad que en familias nucleares. En familias con custodia repartida, los adolescentes manifestaron mayor ira; y en familias reconstituidas mayor agresividad física, ira y hostilidad que en familias nucleares. Cuando existen más de dos hermanastros, es mayor la ira, la hostilidad y la agresividad física del adolescente que en ausencia de hermanastros. Estos resultados destacan la importancia de la madre y el padre en la vida del adolescente y la estabilidad del núcleo familiar; así como la relevancia de recuperar la figura paterna y potenciar su presencia e implicación.

Background/Objectives: Mental health disorders represent a growing challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. The day hospital model has established itself as an effective strategy for outpatient treatment. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Mental Health Day Hospital at University Hospital of Burgos, as well as to analyze the influence of sociodemographic factors on the clinical evolution of patients. Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center study with repeated cross-sectional assessments with pre- and post-tests, analyzing data from 1629 patients over the age of 18 treated between 1996 and 2022 at the Mental Health Day Hospital of the University Hospital of Burgos, in Spain, of whom 653 completed the pre-test and post-test. Results: Differences in prevalence were observed by sex and age, with a higher frequency of eating disorders in women (92.5%) and substance use disorders in men (67.9%). The average age varied according to diagnosis, being highest in mood disorders (43.00) and lowest in eating disorders (23.00). Significant correlations were observed between most variables (p < 0.05), especially between anxiety, impulsiveness, and self-esteem symptoms. The overall reduction in symptoms validates the program′s effectiveness, although less improvement was identified in self-esteem and assertiveness, especially in psychotic disorders. Furthermore, patients with anxiety disorders showed a lower response in trait anxiety. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of tailoring interventions according to each patient′s sex, age, and diagnosis. Optimizing treatments based on these variables will improve care and therapeutic outcomes, especially for those with more complex disorders.

Background/Objectives: Mental health disorders represent a growing challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. The Day Hospital model has established itself as an effective strategy for outpatient treatment. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Mental Health Day Hospital at Burgos University Hospital, as well as to analyze the influence of sociodemographic factors on the clinical evolution of patients. Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal, single-center study analyzing data from 1629 patients over the age of 18 treated between 1996 and 2022 at the Mental Health Day Hospital of the University Hospital of Burgos, in Spain. Results: Differences in prevalence were observed by gender and age, with a higher frequency of eating disorders in women (92.5%) and substance use disorders in men (67.9%). The average age varied according to diagnosis, being highest in mood disorders (43.00) and lowest in eating disorders (23.00). Significant correlations were observed between most variables (p < .05), especially between anxiety, impulsiveness, and self-esteem symptoms. The overall reduction in symptoms validates the program's effectiveness, although less improvement was identified in self-esteem and assertiveness, especially in psychotic disorders. Furthermore, patients with anxiety disorders showed a lower response in trait anxiety. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of tailoring interventions according to each patient's gender, age, and diagnosis. Optimizing treatments based on these variables will improve care and therapeutic outcomes, especially for those with more complex disorders.

A pesar de la profunda transformación que ha experimentado la familia en las últimas décadas, la familia sigue ejerciendo un papel central en el desarrollo emocional y psico-social del niño y del adolescente. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue conocer el rol de la madre y del padre, a través del número y tipo de actividades (emocionales, de protección y de proximidad) que el adolescente prefiere realizar con cada progenitor; y analizar si ello guarda relación con la agresividad del adolescente, medida con el Cuestionario de Agresividad de Buss y Perry (BPAQ). Participaron 1193 adolescentes entre 14 y 18 años, 50.05% mujeres, procedentes de 51 centros de Castilla y León (España). Los resultados indican el rol preponderante de la madre como figura de protección y su rol destacable a nivel emocional; el padre ejerce un rol secundario en ambos aspectos. Los dos progenitores desempeñan un papel discreto en las actividades de proximidad. Por otra parte, establecer con el padre o la madre una relación intensa a nivel afectivo o de protección está asociado a una reducción de la ira del adolescente. Elegir a la madre en muchas actividades o al padre en al menos una, está relacionado con un descenso de la agresividad física del adolescente; y elegir al padre en muchas actividades, con una disminución de su ira y su hostilidad. Se concluye la importancia de revalorizar la figura paterna y de una mayor implicación paterna en la vida del adolescente, así como la necesidad de potenciar las relaciones parento-filiales, facilitando espacios de encuentro familiares y apoyando a madres y padres a nivel legislativo, económico y social.