Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) represents a major complication in patients with hematologic malignancies, yet existing risk assessment models such as the Khorana and ThroLy scores show limited applicability in this population. Novel tools incorporating routinely available clinical and laboratory markers are needed for accurate risk stratification. Objectives: To investigate the incidence and predictors of PE in patients with hematologic malignancies and to develop a new risk stratification model, the Hema-PE Score. Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 177 patients with various hematologic malignancies who were evaluated for, of whom 63 had pulmonary embolism (PE) and 114 served as controls. Clinical variables (immobility, central venous catheter) and laboratory markers (D-dimer/albumin ratio, hemoglobin, platelet count, CRP) were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to assess predictive accuracy. A novel scoring system, the Hema-PE Score, was constructed and its performance compared with existing risk models. Results: PE was identified in 35% of patients. The D-dimer/albumin ratio showed strong discriminatory power for predicting PE (AUC = 0.82). Based on multivariable predictors, the Hema-PE Score was developed (range 0–7 points). At a threshold of ≥3, the score achieved 100% sensitivity and 76% specificity (AUC = 0.88). Compared with the Khorana and ThroLy scores, the Hema-PE Score demonstrated superior predictive performance across hematologic malignancy subtypes. Conclusions: The D-dimer/albumin ratio and the newly developed Hema-PE Score demonstrated strong predictive performance for pulmonary embolism in patients with hematologic malignancies. These findings suggest that the Hema-PE Score may serve as a practical and easily applicable risk stratification tool, supporting early diagnosis and guiding thromboprophylaxis decisions in clinical practice. Prospective multicenter validation studies are warranted to confirm its utility and to facilitate its integration into patient management strategies.

Background: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by immune-mediated inflammation and variable degrees of fibrosis. Aims: To evaluate the clinical, radiological, and hematological features of patients diagnosed with HP. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods: We included 100 patients diagnosed and followed for HP between 2020 and 2024. Demographic characteristics, pulmonary function test results, diffusing capacity, six-minute walk test findings, antigen exposure history, and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) patterns were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The mean age was 63 ± 14 years, with equal sex distribution. Sixty-five percent of patients had identifiable antigen exposure, predominantly related to birds or bird products (86.4%). Surgical lung biopsy confirmed the diagnosis in 29% of cases. The most common HRCT findings were reticulation (87%), ground-glass opacities (84.7%), and centrilobular nodules (75%); fibrotic features were present in 48% of patients. Glucocorticoids were the main treatment (77%), and antifibrotic therapy was used in 20% of cases. Neutrophil count showed a modest positive correlation with honeycombing (r = 0.27, p = 0.025). Basophil count demonstrated a mild association with bird-related antigen exposure (r = 0.26, p = 0.035). Conclusions: Peripheral neutrophil and basophil counts showed weak but statistically significant associations with fibrotic HRCT features and exposure patterns. These exploratory findings suggest that routinely available hematologic parameters may provide supportive information alongside radiologic and clinical data. Prospective studies are needed to validate their diagnostic and prognostic relevance in HP.

Aims: Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare cancer with a poor prognosis that is frequently detected late in the disease's progression. The purpose of our sudy was to contribute to the literature by investigating how inflammation indices such as neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and HALP scores affect disease progression and prognosis in patients with MM. Methods: This study retrospectively examined 85 patients pathologically diagnosed with malignant pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma. NLR, PLR, LMR, PNI, SIRI, and HALP scores of the patients were calculated. Results: The area under the curve (AUC) values obtained by ROC analysis are NLR (0.65), PLR (0.67), LMR (0.66), PNI (0.64), SIRI (0.66), and HALP (0.77). The cut-off values were as follows: NLR (3.2), PLR (168.5), PNI (35.2), LMR (2.5), SIRI (2.2) and HALP (22.8). In multivariate analysis, being inoperable was found to be associated with lower survival, while receiving chemotherapy and high PNI value were found to be associated with higher survival (p

Unicentric Castleman disease (UCD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that is often detected incidentally and asymptomatically. However, in some cases, mass effect or inflammatory features may cause clinical symptoms, posing a diagnostic challenge. A 43-year-old woman with a history of toxic nodular goiter presented with dyspnea. Thoracic CT revealed a 37×29 mm well-circumscribed mass in the left hilum encasing the basal branch of the pulmonary artery. PET-CT showed moderate FDG uptake (SUVmax: 6.1). EBUS-guided biopsy reported reactive lymphoid tissue. Due to diagnostic uncertainty, surgical excision was performed. Histopathology confirmed hyaline-vascular type UCD. HHV-8-associated MCD and lymphoma were excluded. This case highlights the diagnostic complexity of UCD, especially when presenting with a symptomatic hilar mass and moderate FDG uptake mimicking malignancy. Surgical biopsy remains essential for definitive diagnosis.

Aims: Patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) are highly susceptible to infectious complications due to immunosuppression and delayed immune reconstitution, with pneumonia remaining a major cause of early morbidity and mortality. Composite inflammation- and protein-based biomarkers, including the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) and fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR), have prognostic value in oncology, but their role in predicting pneumonia and survival after allo-HSCT is unclear.Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included 203 adult allo-HSCT recipients treated between 2020 and 2023. Pre transplant inflammatory and protein-based biomarkers were assessed 7-14 days before transplantation, and Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify independent predictors of one-year post-transplant pneumonia and mortality.Results: Pneumonia occurred in 17.7% of patients, and one-year mortality was 41.9%. Although lower albumin, hemoglobin, and platelet levels and higher procalcitonin (PCT) concentrations were associated with pneumonia in univariate analyses, no biomarker independently predicted post-transplant pneumonia after multivariate adjustment. In contrast, pre-transplant PCT (HR=1.020, p