Food packaging plays a key role in offering safe and quality food products to consumers by providing protection and extending shelf life. Food packaging is a multifaceted field based on food science and engineering, microbiology, and chemistry, all of which have contributed significantly to maintaining physicochemical attributes such as color, flavor, moisture content, and texture of foods and their raw materials, in addition to ensuring freedom from oxidation and microbial deterioration. Antimicrobial food packaging systems, in addition to their function as conventional food packaging, are designed to arrest microbial growth on food surfaces, thereby enhancing food stability and quality. Nanomaterials with unique physiochemical and antibacterial properties are widely explored in food packaging as preservatives and antimicrobials, to extend the shelf life of packed food products. Various nanomaterials that are used in food packaging include nanocomposites composing nanoparticles such as silver, copper, gold, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, mesoporous silica and graphene-based inorganic nanoparticles; gelatin; alginate; cellulose; chitosan-based polymeric nanoparticles; lipid nanoparticles; nanoemulsion; nanoliposomes; nanosponges; and nanofibers. Antimicrobial nanomaterial-based packaging systems are fabricated to exhibit greater efficiency against microbial contaminants. Recently, smart food packaging systems indicating the presence of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms have been investigated by various research groups. The present review summarizes recent updates on various nanomaterials used in the field of food packaging technology, with potential applications as antimicrobial, antioxidant equipped with technology conferring smart functions and mechanisms in food packaging.

Microbial pathogens are the most prevalent cause of chronic infections and fatalities around the world. Antimicrobial agents including antibiotics have been frequently utilized in the treatment of infections due to their exceptional outcomes. However, their widespread use has resulted in the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Furthermore, due to inherent resistance to antimicrobial drugs and the host defence system, the advent of new infectious diseases, chronic infections, and the occurrence of biofilms pose a tougher challenge to the current treatment line. Essential oils (EOs) and their biologically and structurally diverse constituents provide a distinctive, inexhaustible, and novel source of antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antiparasitic agents. However, due to their volatile nature, chemical susceptibility, and poor solubility, their development as antimicrobials is limited. Nanoparticles composed of biodegradable polymeric and inorganic materials have been studied extensively to overcome these limitations. Nanoparticles are being investigated as nanocarriers for antimicrobial delivery, antimicrobial coatings for food products, implantable devices, and medicinal materials in dressings and packaging materials due to their intrinsic capacity to overcome microbial resistance. Essential oil-loaded nanoparticles may offer the potential benefits of synergism in antimicrobial activity, high loading capacity, increased solubility, decreased volatility, chemical stability, and enhancement of the bioavailability and shelf life of EOs and their constituents. This review focuses on the potentiation of the antimicrobial activity of essential oils and their constituents in nanoparticulate delivery systems for a wide range of applications, such as food preservation, packaging, and alternative treatments for infectious diseases.

Newer drugs are in demand for leukemia treatment that specifically targets tumor cells without affecting normal cells. Potent cytotoxic activities have been reported from various parts of Zanthoxyl...

A number of conventional therapeutic targets are available for treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but due to development of resistance by using conventional drug as monotherapy, there is a need to identify novel therapeutic targets and/or use combination of conventional and novel drugs for diabetes therapy. In this review we have highlighted some of the novel approaches like inhibitors of (11β- Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1, Sodium-glucose linked cotransporter-2, Acyl-CoA Diacylglycerol Acyl Transferase-1, Glycogen phosphorylase-A, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase, Protein tyrosine phosphate 1B, Kappa kinase-B, Stearoyl-coA desaturase-1), antagonists of (Fatty acid binding proteins, Fibroblast growth factors-21 receptor, Glucagon receptor, Glucocorticoid receptors), Glucokinase and Sirtuin activators, Cannabinoid receptor blockers, Incretin-mimetics, agonists of (Adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase, Augmenting GLP-1 secretion GPR40, GPR120, GPR 146 and TGR 5, GPCR 119, liver x receptors, Serotonin 2c receptor) and Rexinoids x receptor modulators developed for the treatment of diabetes.

Background: Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Rutaceae) has many biological activities and is widespread in Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, and India. Methods: The total methanolic extract and different successive extracts with phytoconstituents-rich fractions were prepared from Zanthoxylum rhetsa fruit by the Soxhlet extraction method. Meanwhile, antibacterial activity was also assessed to identify the most active extracts/fraction against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,