Joseph Towler

Dr. Joseph Towler


Research Focus & Metrics

Academic Career Length

2Years (2025-Present)

(Calculated once Scilit publication data is synced: current year − year of first publication + 1)

Representative Publications

View All Publications
14 October 2025 in Processes
Verified
Journal Article
Open access
PDF file
JTJoseph Towler
Joseph Towler
Wen-Pin LinWen-Pin Lin
Wen-Pin Lin
LWLo-Yu Wu
Lo-Yu Wu
RARowan Abass
Rowan Abass
RWRichard Wu
Richard Wu
Ahmed AbassAhmed Abass
Ahmed Abass
Soft contact lenses are usually characterised at room temperature, yet they function on the eye at body temperature, where their mechanics and optical performance can change. This study investigated whether soft silicone hydrogel lenses become more compliant in a physiological environment. Two silicone hydrogel materials (Definitive 74 and Unisil) were tested at 24 °C and 35 °C using uniaxial tensile and compression methods, with Ogden hyperelastic models fitted and finite element analysis performed on a realistic eye model. Both materials became more compliant at 35 °C, with Definitive 74 showing a larger modulus decrease (0.40 to 0.32 MPa) than Unisil (0.73 to 0.70 MPa). Finite element simulations indicated that these temperature-driven changes in compliance significantly affected refractive power, especially when the lens base curve exceeded the corneal radius by more than 5%. These findings demonstrate that soft silicone hydrogel lenses are indeed more compliant in a warm, hydrated environment, highlighting the need for physiologically relevant testing to inform design, fitting strategies, comfort, and vision outcomes.

29 June 2026 in Applied Sciences
Verified
Journal Article
Open access
PDF file
JTJoseph Towler
Joseph Towler
Mohamed BarayaMohamed Baraya
Mohamed Baraya
Ahmed AbassAhmed Abass
Ahmed Abass
Hot-water bottles are widely used domestic heat sources, but seam and neck failures can cause scald injuries, and quantitative evidence supporting replacement guidance remains limited. This study compared the tensile behaviour of unused, dry-stored hot-water bottles manufactured in 2022 and 2024, focusing on vulcanised rubber and plasticised PVC constructions. ISO 37 Type 1 dumb-bell specimens were excised from body panels and seam regions and tested in uniaxial tension at 23 ± 2 °C and 50 ± 5% RH using a grip-separation rate of 500 mm min−1. Stress–strain curves were analysed to determine maximum stress, failure strain, toughness and tangent modulus, with seam and face specimens compared within each material year cohort. PVC specimens were consistently stiffer and stronger than rubber specimens but failed at lower strain. Manufacturing year-associated differences were material-dependent: PVC-2022 generally showed higher maximum stress and toughness than PVC-2024, whereas Rubber-2022 underperformed Rubber-2024 at large strain. Seam–face ordering also depended on material and year, with PVC faces outperforming seams, while rubber showed cohort-specific behaviour. These findings indicate that hot-water bottle durability is influenced by both material system and joint region, supporting the need to consider seam performance alongside bulk material properties in safety assessment and replacement guidance.