Global environmental and sustainability concerns are increasingly pressuring industries in all developing economies to align their supply chain operations with ecological, social, and economic responsibilities. This study investigates the extent to which Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) enablers are influencing firm-level productivity in a developing economy, and how effectively the practices of SSCM mediate this relationship. This research aims to determine the extent to which Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) enablers influence firm-level productivity in a developing economy, and how effectively SSCM practices mediates this relationship. Building on the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory, the research adopts a well-structured design and employs Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test the designed conceptual framework. The findings show that, while direct effects of enablers on productivity are limited, SSCM practices play a critical mediating role in translating these enablers into measurable performance-based improvements. The study contributes theoretical insights by extending DOI theory into the pharmaceutical supply chain context and offers practical guidance for managers and policymakers in developing economies by seeking to enhance competitiveness through sustainable practices.

This study analysing the impact of executive excess compensation (EEC) that is influencing the quality and efficiency of Organizational Technological Innovation (OTI). Using the Agency Theory, the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Upper Echelons Theory perspective in this study, the study has identified the compatibility of Executive Excess Compensation (EEC) with Organizational Technological Innovation (OTI) and then it has focused on investigation of the relationship between Executive Excess Compensation (EEC) with Organizational Technological Innovation (OTI) and for this quantitative analysis has been done by the usage of a structural equation modelling (SEM) approach by the usage of SmartPLS software. The findings regarding the compatibility of EEC with OTI suggest even a strong alignment between the executive compensation levels and the organization’s innovation capabilities. This indicates that companies offering the executive excess compensation which tend to demonstrate greater innovation efforts that is potentially driven by incentives linked to the compensation structures. Further, the analysis has revealed that higher levels of EEC were consistently associated with the overall greater technological innovation efficiency and to the technological innovation quality which is indicating on a robust relationship between executive pay and innovation performance. The results of this study ultimately provide empirical support for the notion that executive compensation plays a crucial role in case of driving innovation initiatives within organizations which is particularly in the pharmaceutical and chemical sectors of Bangladesh. The findings of the study can give insights for researchers, industry practitioners, policymakers, investors and for academics. However, the study is with some limitation and by acknowledging that further research is definitely needed to explore on the potential areas of improvement on this untapped or unique field.